GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ARCH AOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA ARCHAOLOGICAL LIBRARY LUZAC & Co,, 46, Great Russel Street, London, w.u. B, H. BLACKWELL, 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford. DEIGHTON BELL & Co,, Cambridge. T. FISHER UNWIN, Limited, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. (. On THE CONTINENT. ERNEST LEROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris. MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague. If TADIA, BIGGINBOTHAM & Co,, Madras. ¥, EALYANARAMA IYER & Co,, Madras. P. RB. RAMA IYER & Co., Madras. THACKER, SPINK Co., Caleutta. W. NEWMAN & Co,, Calcutta. 5. K. LAHIRI] & Co,, Caloutta. HB, CAMBRAY & Co., Caleutta, THACKER & Co, (Ld.), Bombay. SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BOMBAY, Poona. D, 8. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & Go., Bombay, GOPAL NARAYEN & Co., Booksellers, atc., Hombay. Mrs. RADHABA! ATHARAM SAGOON, Bookseller, etc., Bombay. RAMCHANDRA GOVIND & SON, Booksallors, ate., Bombay, BOMBAY TRACT & BOOK SOCIETY, Bombuy. N. B. MATHUR, NK. K. H. Press, Allahabad, MANAGER, NYAYASHRAYA PRESS, Poona, RAMA KRISHNA & SONS, Lahore, SUNDAR PANDURANG (RAMNATH SUNDAR, the Suesessor), Bombay. PROVINCE or SIND B VOLUME | KA RAQHT DISTRICT 30500 ‘ariLiD wy 1, OW. SMYTH Fuuliin Cirat Serisipe = . ” Y "ia PREFAGE- The materials for the “RB” Volumes of the ‘Sind (Garettoer ' were collected by the late Mr. Aitken, Ul rath) at the time of his retirement in 1907 he had andy been alle, fo nish the dmft of the. Karachi Volame.* It is only fer ro hia memory that it should be stated that this volume, though now brought up-to-date and in eoue anes Fi written in parts, is almost entirely based upin his dratt in the sitet of the volume the compiler desires to acknowledge the Assistance which he has received frotm the Collectar of Karnelu, the (Chairman of the Port Trust, and the Commissioner's Uncovenanted Assistant, Mr. th Birch. : 1. W.S. ws ile CONTENTS. Pagéa | nf the Phatetrct-— a and area. Phyncal reno > Rivers. Floods. Climate, Rainfall . Jy, Sect Pap lation— ; J ‘ details. Proportion of the sexes, Distribution. Migration. Clarification ly religiotes. Prominent tribes and {nrnilies (Numrian, Jokhins, Karmatia and Jats, first nlaas Jagirders and chief families of Bairide) ,, 8—12 Agrieultire— Chatneter and oil of each Talukn, fake = craps enlti- vated in the District - o~ ee wol—17 Irrigation— ‘Stors Note a oe , i iA ‘Shore Nots : ; = i Communrottiona, Trode and Soleil Ws- Thyacriptive tables of peneige ronda, Shert Note on loc) sige andl inluntrhes , 7-34 J ughire— Liet of criminal and civil courte in the District, with them jurindictions. Registration —anb-dintrict, ic De- seription of the Karachi tnil . fom wis 26-7 Focal and Municipal— Constitution of District and sehen Local Boatde. Yomi- cipalitire Karachi Suni are) ) Eduestion— Primarr Education (Locnt Board, Muniety indi Behoota m the Distric). Middle Schoale in Karachi, Kotri and Tattn, Middle Schoole in Karachi, Manors and Kntri, Schools (Karachi High Sehool, Sind Madres : mar Behool, St, Patrick’s School, Church ‘Misxtem Tigh es MI, ‘en ‘Sehook Convent Behoal). Stad Collye. oma an pem, a au one General, Max Der o Hall). (ber “Denis of Uivil Hoepital, Karanhi. and cao Kya tal. Lady Dufferin Hospital nod taba: Lawrenoo ite. N«W. Railway Heepital at Kotri, Govern- mont. Ditpemwaries in Karachi, Sciuantan eevee Vetirinary Dinpenianry ‘ Aditiniatrntion— Tet of Sub-divieiows, Talukaw and ree we srs aban lation and averape yevenue Ploces of tnterrat— ‘Bhamubor, Dharsja. Gharo. Jam Tarmrhi-ji-Mati, Jermuok (Budithist ruins ond graves of Robert Huswy and the Kev, 0. Huntingdon). Thinupir (bomb and terrpils, enttiomont of Khojas, Aga Khan). bok (dirine of Tnavad- villa}, Karachi (histo iption, ‘nore, Kinswri, Seatti's Rest, Napier Obelink, Merewethar (“oek Tower, Business quarter, Bunder Toad and buildings, (vil Lints, Cantonmit, Tramways, Environs, Water Works, Government Mouse, From “Hall Statues, Max Dionso Fall, Knvalikdina Hall, Votunteor Halla, Gos-Portugnes Hall, Sind (lob, Karachi Gym khans, other Chibs, ¢te., Mrsonin Hall, YM. (.A.. daly Trinity Church, Widown’ Honm, Sertoli Chureh, Meth iel- it Chureh, Roman Catholic Church, Matkete, Vieturia Murine, Qardona, Oeniubories, anil Port), Koti Bairulor, Kotri. Rotri ‘Alinhralehin Shak, Ladion. Lalorihooiut snd Dhoraje. Laki end ite hot springs: Manjhend: Maurypar.. Mirpur Bathoro, Mirpur &kro and tomb of Sheikh Alu Tarsh at Gajo, Mugeer Pore and Buriat tomks, Mnghulbhin and tombe, Pir Pavlio, Raril-ka-kut. Rakri Ghakbandar. Sirgands or Suride Bandar, teen Tatts {histor and deecription. grave of Biward ( tl Viner on thi Makli Hills. Jama Manjid.. ea Kalan Kot, aan Bala~ BA Pages » 649 and Qoten's and King's. '* =a 4 6-10 eee = L—Are aciul Population ; wl “as, | oy BAe ThA —Raintall by mouth wt Kincki;, 2S 11-B.—Rainioll by Talukes and Mahala =i be 12 —Popula 1 << e hey ee ¥—Religion and Edoenshan ee ae ve lt Vi—Caste, Tribe: or Race eal ae VIL—Detribution of Land and Crips. r ri 124 VITL—Domestio Animal mad Agricultural § Stock «: 129 TX.—Sources of — Bupply | ‘. ww pee X—Irrigation Works a s _.1—ai XL—Tokavi Advances and Collection, a a , 132 ip echelon _- -, Seiion Sry aaaaaith Pe an Te. xv and Current Settlement : i485 -sigplanglnnine’ latitude and between 46° 42' and 68° 48° east longitnde and occupies the south-west corner of the Province of Sind. It has an ares of 11,971 aqnare miles. From ita most westerly point, Cape Monze, or Ras Muari, ite dary, de the Habh river, st hith 3 the Las Beyla State,runs north-east, then, gra: | points at Jast due north where it meets the Rhirthe of hills, which separate it from the Sehwan Taluka a Larkana District, That district here penetrates the Karachi District, dividing it into two prongs and forming its northers ry. The point of eastern prong touches the Indus whith: thence becomes the houndary of the penne Dist south-east and eouth ond separating it oan the Hyderabad District aa far wa Jerruck (Shiral), aineed swt beyond the river, being bor mled first by the: Badin Talukas of the Hyderabad District, sion by the o Rad of Cutch and the broad Khori creek. From this, its most southerly poin it, the lim'ts of the district run north west to Cape care 43 again, with the sea for their baaundary all the way. In its pliysical ari the distnct includes samples. of features of nature to be found cng Kohistan in the north, Ames tothe more grassy plains.” Southwar wo. 14i2—1 2 KARACHT DISTRICT. and almost devoid of vegetation, but much broken up fli ech venetian stony hills, and intersected by the boda, which cariy the drainage of the ebistan 40 thse Tndun. The southern limit of this tract may be defined by a straight line driwn from Karachi to Tatts. Soutli of thia lies tha Delia, o triangle with Totta for its apex and the sea coast for its base. Tatta | is, st speaking, well out of the Delta now, Jor the old branch of the Indus which ran past it into the Gharo creek silted up cabpol 130 years ago and is only represented by the \Kalri canal now. Another i of the river, more recent- ly extinct, has become the Baghar rcanal. The apex of the how is at the bifurcation of the Ochito and the Haidari (Muti), « few miles bolow Kotri Allahrakhin Sish im tho | ahy i Talula, Mgecgieree ss point and the sea the country is out a motwork of brim passing into insay tasks and connected by cross-chanuels, and the aspect whivh it presenta variea with the distance from the sea, a reed sandoteri hha borat rgon me Which is 80 to sii at high tulea that it inalways moist, eipporta a growth of emall coarse grasa and rushes, which m turn support innumerable buffaloes, eo that this mot presenta a more lively and populous scene than is mut with | ther inland. To dhe west, as far as Karachi, large tracts of wind-blown aand- say roe resent a saniplé, on a am scale, of the desert of Thar and arker. Where the influence of fresh water. a rep Fi We wlase ie tatareiead tes fivldn enka Ste are the Delta, however, there is a wide ¢ > of absolute salt waste, embracing s large part of the Shahhandar and Jati Talukas, which is almost uninliabitable for man or beast. In this, tavaben peta pra lie the Seah Sirgande salt deposi BynaArN ? of solid salt. The upper portions of t ea dine fi ar Mirpur Sakro, Sujawal. anil dh aed pom apo with tamaria khabar in all Peet scar dpe ified The ‘hills of Bind, with few and ‘wimportant oxoe al tioms, lic to the west of the Indus Valley, and the Karachi District has a fair share of them. ‘The Khirthar range, 150 miles m length ihe sea, thet . lary ‘Bind bom ‘the. tr north-west aiat ot tho Ut slp gli 5 aise function. an with the hi District, after which paint, sng Tittle eastward, it constitutes for more than a miles the boundary of the two and terminates near the Baran coda ee 95° 43 north latitude, This is the“ Hala” range of English maps and old writers.* About 90 miles of # belong to the Karchi District. Ite general height further north is between 4,000 and 5,000 feet, but it falls very nmuch towards its southern extremity ond even isolated peaks seldom tise shove 3,500 feet. The next most important range han been named by ua the Laki becwuse it first attracts attention near the town of that name in the Manjland Mahal, a little to the north-west of which it commenves. 1b ia not the custom of the country to give names to ranges but to peaks and localities ; so the locnl names of thie range aro numerous. The two ‘hills betwen which the Baran -oute: through the chain are Surjano and Sambok; north af the. litter is Bhai, then Narero, then [Motinno. ‘Running firat due south, the Laki range divides Kohistan trom Kotri Taluky and then, turning a little to the west near Thano Bula Khan, from Tatta Tolikea. Tho total length of this range isabout 80 miles and it attains an elevation of 1,040 feet near ita t imity. a, Abe sien eh We 8 te two ranges there is a series of ly doeoreasing OTe hills, all running more or less north and soils Ons such, the Kambu range, about 15 miles in length and attaining in the middle to 2,240 foet; seems to continue the Khirthar : beyond the Baran river, running due south: Weat of iis is the Dumibar range. about 15 miles in length. West of pone ge wherethe Hubb river joins the Sind Front the ligher Bedur range, which forms the: eastern watershed of that river, sends a spur into Sind. Posh well marked line of hills rune east of the river from Mangho Pir to Onpe Monze, and eastward of thin the country round: Faia Coe penes earn Se ant: into of the Kotei ‘stuke and the Manjhand Mahal is also ois Sod a ily frnct rans southward fro Kotei to Jerruck and ier, 7) = ikaw eee this gies! Burvey Departueat, Th Me ze fore bese gtr Se a Bina 4 KARACHT DISTRICT. Tata. The Makli hills, close by Tatta, are a rocky clova- 18 miles in length by 4 in breadth, well known on account tombs which have been erected upon me “Whe rivers of Sind, with the great exeepti : iets which is deseribed in the “ A” Volume, > are ordinarily dry; tut weer little rain siiices to flood them from bank te bank, andl the impedi- ment which they may then offer to all traffic and military movementa has given ite i and’. They are carefully noted in all the early routes. ‘They gain another claim to consideration from the fact that, though there may Eig welek ia Susie hades, there is often-a good deal un them, so that a bron tract of fields act take its origin in the Baluchistan hills, not far from Kalat, joint the Std Frontier where it fe creset the. ahar road and defines it for the final 70 miles of its colrie, and falls into the sea on the north-western side of Cape Monze. This may indeed be ¢alled a permanent stream, for, though it does not flow shove sect continiously, it ia never wi out water in disconnected Lon of euch depth and amplionte that they harbour the mahseer anc other smuller fish. After heas sin very ae bal af water comes down this stream. Between fifty anc eee Years ago an attempt to uve this river for irtigational purpores Was made by Khan copending to rpomrer peek British. Goweemmnn rise ise beat ee ie es ee ee length and 15 in height, but the work was swept away by an unusitally heavy flocd. Further roger an s more extensive aeale were oa arrested hy his death. rena marks — course In many places, The Hobb, whith is said to * Saas ent tik tee Ginn Bandar. Lyari is round the town of Karachi, sas tia Wataek go Shes he harbour. Its-rixe alter min ie very sudden. . Elsewhere, especially in the north, there are many similar channels whieh ‘mith water from the hills to the Indus, or diffuse it on ow grounds and make cultivation possible, The moat sod of these is the Bann, which often pours a great ume of water into the Tia. Notwithstanding all that haw been accomplished in Poke restraining the aunusl overflow of the «faa Indus by protective bunds, tt is not ps that the Jowlands of the Delta will ever be safe aciasionl destructive floods. Heavy rain also | down torrents from the hill country ins surprisingly short time, which the water-oourses ure quite Inadequate to carry off safely. In the past such floods have been frequent and sometimes disastrous, as in 1882, when the inundation sur- parsed all previous records and cunala were breached and overtopped; and in 1892, when heavy rain, combined with floods fram the: hills, covered the face af the conintty with water, breaking the canals and almost totally dest bo kharf crops in the Jhirak and Skah Bandar Divisions ming widespread distresa. Tp ine tes iver sis unas early, standing af 17 feet on the Kotri gauge on June bth, On August 17th it reached its then record of 22°74 inches. The embunkmenta of the Baghar and Kalri canals anil most of the bunds on either side of the river were breached, se eiisiy A Is14 the gangs testing ob Auge Ith crop. Fimally in 19] t pauge on : Fathed the highie t ever recorded, Le., -23°8 inches, In this year th the Shahba nie ndar Division stood, but ine thut nips ven ss burst, atid an enormous area of that taluke was floxed, there being a great destruction of as well as of the crops, The town of Kotri also was only with difficulty eaved from gubmersion, The climate of Karachi is the best in Sind and one of the 4 best anywhere in the of India since the fietce heat of summer is tem- pre byob feo the sea, which, however, ia not 80 ure-luden and depressing as it is on the Bombay const. Y a i] KARACH] DISTRICT, Generally the sea breeze begins to blow fitfully in March and settles down in April, after which a strong and steady wind from W.-S.-W, uight and dey is the rule October, While this laste the thermometer rarely rises above 98° or falls below 75°, while the homidity of the air ranges from 75” to 85°, But obout May and again im Ovtober, or earlier, wear eg aré linbls to oceur, the wind. suddenly ahifting ; hen the thermonwter rises to over 100° while humidity falls by from 20° to 60°. These hot, blasts rarely last as ‘Jong as a week, In November the breeze sets in and for four months the prevailing direction is E-N-E., the temperature gradually sinking until it may 3 ce together between 60° anil 40°, which is the lo dally registered, though ice has been found in the Sates udiens at Karachi und precious plants have been severely froet-bitten. Iiumidity w very variable during the cold eeaeon, but the air i never dry with the dryness of Northern Indin. As far as can be judged from the materials available, the test difference between the dry-bulb and wet-bulb thermometers ocenra in October, the least m April. Details of temperature for 17 years ate given m Table [1]. The highest tempeniture recorded was 116° in May J901, wliich was quite exceptional; the lowest 40° in January of severul years, In the last seven ea the thermometer never reached 100°. test mange af temperatiire in one month was 43° ‘hn pee fig are for Rarachtanl nny e aan os typos mately applicable to all the const: Tatta and Kotri the average maximum is higher, the thermometer rising commonly above 100° from April to October inole- sive ; and the average minimum lower, 32° registered aie DESCRIPTION. 7 The rainfall of the eats ay mb extracrdi- i - parily from year year, statue led a ent on what may rary idental causes, The regular monsoon winds bring no rain to arid «plains which rocetve them into an atmos bees hotter and drier than themselves, but when some dioep hon eatises the wind to veer round to an Inu frequently army the last comme years re annual fall at Karachs itself has fluctuated between a few cents and nearly 20 mches. In 1801 a fall of 22°29 Was Tet between Sth July and 3rd August. From Li ae Ait ees be seen that August is the month m which then July, then September; bat there may Spot Bs dhben Sines months. It is very rare for the first three montlia of the year to be without rain, as, eee SI ws amounts may be amall, -Thus there are : poemaly ook periods of rain, with two dry intervals, for October Nov ember are practically rainiess, and April and May nearly ap. The distribution of rain in the district appears alto to be subject to no law. Table 11-B shows that the normal mean ranges from 0""84 at Manjhand to 0°*18 at Tatta or about 4 inches; but in 1909 when Manjhand had 1°*37, satis eee Ip a" ait _ Upon the Te tank, > ‘ ig is lowe In region lying wlong the right ve hmct est on the coast, but the differency ts small. The highest rainfall on record was 41°22 at Shahbandar in 1913. In the hill country of Kohistan there is pay one regetening station and there the average is comparatively high—B" BA. POPULATION. Tables I, 1V, V and Vi. CHAPTER IV OF “A” VOLUME. The figures given in Table I are those of the census of» 1911. Of the total population of 521,721, Muasilmans made wp $96,334 or about 70 per cent, and Hindua 111,521 or about 21 per cent; of the romaindor, 9,018 were Christians and the rest Jews, Pursis, ete. A kind of census waa carried out in 1854, but the restilts are af no talus. There havo since been four prior to that af 1011, from which, after making allowance for the Sehwan, Johi and Dadu Talukas, Which were tinaterad from Senichi to Larkana District in 1901, we ae the following IMtTIOL AS Now o uted :— . B24,921 - . 401,046 ms . 411,004 - .. 440,612 From -thesa figures it appears that the rate of inorease has been 16 per cent for the nine yeara ending 1881, 9 ani 8 pir cent for the next two decades and 0 per ceut for the decade ending in 1911. ee FE erential Shs Aeiee mee eee is shown in the following tab Propariin ol females per 1,000 wala ie responsible for much of the disparity, In the town of Karachi with its large foreign clements, this disparity very striking. The number of females in the city and oan- tonment in L011 was only 61,070 as against 00,233 males. Bat after all hun been said, the paucity of fenuiles in Sind The density of the population works cut to 44 pe Daiaie! apace mile for the whole alieintot ta a 2 per square mile if the town of Karachi be excluded, The most populous rural trict is the Delta, ritniegy the talukes of Mirpur Bathora and Sujawal, which Sitar 145 and 120 to the agar mile | tavely ; and the least is, of couse, the hill country :: the Kohistan Mohal shows only 10. The proportion of the population concentrated in towns mace W88 34 per cent in 1011 08 ageimst 3] Cemeua. yams fin, =i 1001. The growth of the town of Pov, lie rite at whioli it huis frown diurmg ats seeet | oe the last $9 years is shown in the margin. isn tnsias «6a:—(‘<éirR XG’ the ‘cantonment, the popu- 0h =~ Tees 10 lation ad ascertained in the genaua of pant =k 1911 was 140,511, which for on area of 66 eqitare miles gives 2,068 per mile, | | ‘The proportion Of residents whose home is not in the: catch ee a ey7 Ctriot is very large. In 1851 it was Katha | i653 18 per cent of the whole, in 1891 it pete yee oy sank 3 i6 per cent, but in 1901 it rose foLk = ade? Again to 23 percent, and in 1011 it wae Ratoagist i (CM 22 per cent. The countries or districts Agra and Owth aor from which most of the immigramts bea Eee ‘tor inthe coast talukasandalsoat Karachi. - ‘444 Hydernbad formsehed the next largest . 10359 men in Government service, ot in ‘otal’ ,. LIBA01 as hb 10 EARACHI DISTHICT. The population, classified according to their religior Sistlaion: a ay pe in 1911 of 396,334 Mussal- | “111,521 Hindus, 0,013 (Chris- tians, 2,202 Zoronsteiana. 050 Jaine and 278 " othere.” The number of Christians is larger than anywhere else in Sind owing to the: British troopa stationed at Karachi and the number of Gioanese. These were attracted by the pect of Government employment immediately after the British ocoupition and have remained. Prominent Tribos and The chiefs of the following tribes Femiier. reside im the district — Numria, Jokhia, Karmati, Jat. The Nuwriss, Lomrias or Na umandis (see ‘A’ Volume, page 178), olistified among Samas in Table VI, constitute a | oe part of the population of Lee Bala und held most of the Kohistan at thestime af British conquest. chief ia Malk Sobdar Khan Khan yaad Malt Serdar Khan « Fist Class. Fascdig (see “A ” Volume, Chayter 1X, Alienations). He resides ut Kotri. Another First Gas J Jai of the game tribe, Malk Dodo Khan walad Malle Khon, resides at Thano Bula Khan. The Jokhias, also included in Baris (see way Volume, i74), infested the Delta two centuries ago, robbi mer- chants, and doeomiated the country about Karachi under the fara a fet in return for the duty 4 "ha KRarmatis are fi Baluch t tribe, deriving their name, it is said, from Karmat in Makran, where they were settled sot boete time before. they came into Sind. They penetrated inpur Sakro where their chief obtained a } jag onthe | eoetite he should aruster hia tribe for the defence Tatta wh equired. The present chief is Jam Punhu — — Wahad Clasa Jagirdars of this Khairo Khan, Other Fi tribe in the ate tink are. Al Muhammed walad [brahim Khan, Ghula cmad walad Khudabokhah, Jafia 1g43 ‘these three tribes gathered ther u | 3 from the Mirs of Hyderabad a attack in British POPULATION. ial Karachi, but the news of the battle of Miani dis- The Jute (sea “ A” Volume, ve 174) are found all over Sind, but these in the south ac nevlecige as their chief a Mal who held lands in the Jati Taluka pets haps ig ita name from them) under title deeds from the Rit mr of Delhi, The present conneittong is Malk nil Sidiq walad Malk Ghuleny Hussein, First Clase Yapirdax: Besides there chiefs there are the following First Class Jagirdars of other tribes in the distriet — Mir Ali Muhammad Khun Abmad Ali Khan and Mix Hae eat Fics Cass Jaghare in Ghoenbe if tees family are First Clase Jagirds h they reside at Digri in the Thar a ord in the Hyderabad py a 3} Khan waled Gawhar Khan of the Muri ( . -ip the Manjhand Malial, but resides at rani in the Sinjhoro Taluka of the Newabshah District. Two places in the district, Tatta and Lalo, are especially. associat ex with those families of Saiyids who immigrated we in the af s of the count country down to the tans a They favoured and in sapiber 108 endowed by ihe Sea ti aah Soccenae dynasty, Ly Tatta they founded many colleges for the study of Arabic Jearning, and it became what might be called one of the Uni- versities of Sind, Bukkur the other. Like the religious orders in Europe m the t ages they did not confine themselves to religion and earaiae bat it soared ae poli- oe bed and used it, not always in the interests of peace. During the govertunient of Sir Charles Napier their claim to the continunnce of the ullowances which thoy hai been aopus- toned to receive from the Talpurs was refused, the Govern ment of India considering that “ the allowances were 1 Hot pranted for the muintenance of any mosque or religious establishment of any kind, but were given asa daily all we ance for tle support af Saiyida and other | holy,” and that a ehich it Slot any tins have ben Bald nding on the Bei Goverument to continue.” Sir Bartle Frere revived the 1g .ARACHI DISTRICT. ‘aL Seon ’ however, and 7 osed, with the View af tu ning the Sie from a life of religions —_ _ the ursnit agriculture, that ney Should be: land at the usual assessment as woulc punk to 4 remission of Rs. 6,000 a year. The Government of India nssente but the measure failed owing to the dixinclination aid unfitness of the Saiyids for agricultural pursuits. Government of India sanctioned an annual money payme af Ra. 6,000 to the whole body, leaving them to make sheie own arrangementa for its distribution, avi this arrar ement atill continiies in force. The Government of India de that an endeavour should be made to buy up the interests of the recipients hy a ready-money payment, but they ahowed no desire to accept such au offer. The principal fevre:ilies of Tate Saiyids are the losing Shins: They state that their pro agenitor, Beivad Shnkrullah, came to Sind with Shah Bey Arglun (A.D. 1521) and waa appowted kasi of Tatta. The historian Alisher af aay author of the “ Tubfat-ul-kiram,” was of this ¢ Mirki, nleo Husaini and Shia, desvended fica Baiyia Muhsmmiad Mimk, who is said to have conic in the train. of Shah Beg Arg fin and settled at Tatta. He ia reputed to 2a b wealth, but his descendants gre very live at Ghorals rand some at Tatta. dissing tha vols of Jems Palal Spry ol tie (—" Soma inh va the lSth centy iry) and settled in. Tatta, where rene above Pd in number. They have many axe Paap ‘iples Mazandraui ee aleo Husnini and Shia, descended from Saivid Badrudin, who is sid to have come to Tatta at | -(=1500 A. Dh). They are few in amber and The Lakiari Saiyids, so called because they first settlad Mattes Gane Ce bad ee ven that they came to Sind in: the Tunth cantury . also at Amsi, Manjhand and other places in Mazjhand Mahar The wyayets of the shrine of La) Shahbaz at Gehan belongs to this family and is considered the hend of it 18 AG RIOULT URE. Tables VII and VLE. : CHAPTER V OF‘ A” VOLUME. the resulta of survey operations, The “ | “Not avnilable for cultivation ” consist of (1) nnculturable lands, comprising hilly tmets, sandy lands amd saline tracts; (2) lands set apart for ul purposes, viz., for Government and municipal building i parade gn | wells yes Rage sneha ee urpises, vix., ee hacia grounds, roads, musafirkhanas; and (4) land river take earodod by the large of this district, including. the whole of the fate Mahal of the Kotri Division, ts mountamous or hilly, The Tatta Division is also on the northern and western division diversified to some extent by elevated land, but Shahbandar, the southernmost division of the Karachi District, is altogether low and flat. and appears an arenas lam intersected by numerous creeks mnd channels. the cultivation is dependent on ‘the Indua, which forms the eastern boundary of the district for so many miles, on several camils taking out of it, end on the hill torrents of the Baran, Malir und others. The cultivation af the district is incrensing owing to constant improvements in the means of irrigation io nature of the soil and cultivation | in each taluka is briefly aa follows :— Tatta: Division consists of the talukns of Tata, Mirpar Sakro, (shorabari and Karachi. ‘Tatia—lIts alluvial portion consists of a narrow mre gular tract Hn iit Indo he sooth 6 ache much intern ¥ whilst in the south knowh a# the Mukli hille skirts the western side vot the taluka to the ie ounday of Ghorabari, It i. watered by the Kalri, Baghsr other canals, About 80 per cent of the cultivation is by flow. Mirpur Sakro.—About half of the taluka = unfit for hubitation and has not been divided imto dah. The - inhabited ties tothe east. The we ull consists mostly of kalar - land, while towards the sea tidal creeks: in break the conat Ime and, crenioniag the land, form ge leas bes swamps, The taluka is watered by sacl ag and other Government canals, but the water fair, About three-quarters of the cultivation tsb e fiow hid the rest: by lift. Ghorabari inclusive of Keti Mahal —Through this taluka the waters of the river Indus find their rincipal reaper to the sea by the Ochito and its mouth and irrigate land. The soil i all-alluvial. In the south, below orcs Bandar Went is s considerable area of bhal lands freq : by the sea, but on which red rice is freely cultivated The water-supply of the taluka away from the river! is | Karwehi—This is for the most part a hilly country ee depends on rainfall for cultivation, It’ is, in more pastoral than agrivaltural. The milch-cows of this taluka have schiaved act » world-wide reputation, and their ezport to fareign countries has beet a matter of some concern for many years past, A Government cattle farm about eight miles out Kurschi is now to be established to con- terve atid i re the breed. The wealth of this taluka lies more in its stock thin in ite crops. Kotri Division, comprises the Kotri Taluka, Kohistan and Manjlund Mahals, Rott consists of two distinct vortions, | A hilly Lespenee known us the Band Virah Tapa, f orming ec rs of Kohistan.and a + | of alluvial soil I ny teen | and the river I ins, The latter w irrigated tigi by the hdad, Chhanday, Vacheroand other canals. af Peaatieslscn under flow and. lift ia i Weaoils ex See miay be ceteriber 16 ‘cultivation on ‘rainfall and lnnda irrigated. by canals or ‘directly from the river. The irrigated portion is again Z ‘into two b the Sonn nai, “north of which the waiter derived directly from the river, while the southern portion contains the Government canals Karo, Skah nee and Butlho, Nearly half the oultivation is min and the amount of flow cultivation 16 only 8 per een of the whole. Shahbandar Division consprises the Shahbandar, Jati, Mirpur Bathoro anil Sujawal Talukas. Shahbanday—Ita soil consists of the umal alluvial loatit, but with on-admixture of sand. Ln the extreme south, neur the sea, however, where the out-flowing water of the Indud meets the in-coming tides of the sea, » deposit of soil takes place, which consists of a soft slimy mud, named bhal, on which rice is grown, The most charac- teristic feature of the soil generally is that, wherever the ailt-laden water of the Indus has ceased to How over it for a year or two, it turns into kelar, and kalar lands a become cultivable when overtiowed for two seasons. chief canals are the Sattah, Khanto, Ghar and Kodatio. Almost. the vee os the cultivation ia by flow, only about 3 per cent bemg lif Jati.—The ek of the taluka near the coast it a maze of tidal creeks, and further inland # saline plain, with no cultivation and little vegetation, scarcely inhabited I man or beast. The country towards ards the north-east 4s ct turable waste land, for which at present there is no Terigation available. ae it! ee canals ure the Gungro, Sada, Mirra, Sattah Gungri. Alouwt a whole of the culti- vation ia by flow, lift forming w very stuall proportion. Sujuwal.—The most prominent feature of the country is the so i ery arm fills chin of depressions sning from Wali Shah on the north-westwards to Sujawal anc couthwards towards the Gungro canal, which now, by new drat channels, conveys the foed. water to the sea below Mughulbhin. For the rest the sail is the usual slbayiel lonm of Sind, the deposit of the river Indus. Formerly the taluka was subjected to damned, floods from the todos, has been d by but latterly it has 1G KARACHI DISTRICT. porestal river embankments. The cultivation is mostly by Mlirpur Bathoro is an alluvial plain well watered by ai Ealies nud. tvely hak na some minor canals. The el is comparatively the taluka is consequent! safe from the great floods to which the udjoinmg depressions 4 of Sujuwal are occasionally subjected, The cultivation rr mostly by flow. The various kinds of acil areso called by the: people in considerntion of the particular crops which can be upon. them. Thus in pr ¢ a *kalrati’ ‘toil is only suitable for rice hs dasar’ for juari, bajri and green gram, “wartast’ for gourds and melons, ‘rao’ for juan, Wheat and green gram, “ ‘Shor kalur” in unsuitable for any kind of = Kuarr Crops, Rice.—Rice is the staple food crop of the district and is cultivated in all purts except Karachi Taluka and Kohistan and Manjhand | Both white and rod tive are but the lntter variety is the more common. The nal white Varieties aré known a9 tetria and sathria, whilst the red are called motia, ganja and kambru. _ Tvart.—More than half the cultivation of this crop ja “ev gn Hotes Tulika, some in Karachi, Tatta and ae Two varieties, white and ved, sre grown. —Except in the hilly tracta of Kohistan and Munjband bajri is gtown throughout the district. Sevame,—The cultivation of seaame is small and generally distributed. Green grom— This is chictly cultivated in M ur : Shahhandar and sed Salo, Ram Cnors. _ Wheat-—Pinctically the entire wheat crop is waritios are grown. The crop prin py te cha onc other Ncovdats ‘fg ave! heen merged by pee dmg pie at adler iit AGRUICULTIPRE. - i7 have been given a flooding by wheel irrigation towards the end of the oo Ee taiser (ioe : bart Sayre? iz sine grown in Tatte, Ghorabari, and Sujawal. “Barta and Jambho—The cultivation of soria (colza) is. chitefly uusilertakent in Kotri and Mirpur Sakro, Jambho Chicklin veteh,—This is ‘gprines grown in kacha lands whith have been submerge tm spill of the Indus in | "Tatts, Ghorabari and E shbandar and also on bost indigenous. vegetables ‘im common use ar in all talukus. Furopean vegetubles are poms in The lis of Kavachi and Mulir, and in the ons at the taluka headquarters. Fruit trees-—Fruit gardens are found at Malir incl Karachi. The best mangoes, guavus, igs anil areyoe ts in - the district are grown al Mulir. Grapes.are chiefly gr in Karachi. The date-palm only | owrishes at Koi be Covonut trees are found at Karachi und at Keti Bandar. wa 1ipr— 18 . RARAGH] DISTRICT, IRRIGATION. Tables IX and xX. OHAPTER VI IN“ A" VOLUME. _. The irrigation system tannot be treated by revenne districts, as thoes dc hot correspond with the districts inte which Sind is divided by the Irrigstion Daparts ent, ugures telating to all canals, of whic any portion enters the Karachi District, will therefore he found in able X, and for a full account of these the “ A" Volume may be oon- sulted. The extent und methods of cultivation by means of canal water are dealt with under the head “ Agri ture.” xcONOMIC, 0 ECONOMIC, Tables XI ond X11, CHAPTER VII OF “ A" VOLUME. credit a indebtedness have been aie me rl eo Slit norco ect sax. rie ume et 1 \ 7 te an feature. There ie indeed a remarkable uniformity in the rites of wages in the different diatricts.ax shown 4 in Table XII. Tn Karachi town a coolie can earn perhaps twice what he can anywhere else, but the average is not appreciably uffroted by that. The price of most grams is lower in Karachi Die trict than alsowhere and all imported articles are naturally cheaper. 7 FARACH] DIETRIOT. COMMUNICATIONS, TRADE AND INDUSTI CHAPTER VIII OF “ 4" VOLUME The district was formerly 2 difficult country to travel m, North of a line drawn from Karachi to Tatta it con- sisted af rocky hills or waterless wastes : south of that line 1t was for half the year u waste of water, where the rice waa eaped in boate and the wandering Jats voyuged on flosta of grass. Natural conditions remain the same, but in the Sotith the inundation hag to some extent been brought under Testramt and canals have been bridged, while in the north | roads have been made and rest-louses Reads, multiplied. Above all a riilway now triverses the distrint from Karachi to Laki with stations on an average at every eighth mile, The yr taen beta Sessted as a whole in Chapter ee of the “A” Volume, and so have t postal: lwlegrapli systems. . Something remains to be said about the road#, There are three main lines of road starting from Karachi which follow the ald trade routes—one to Tatta and on to Lakhpat in Catch “and two to Sehwan for Shikarpur and the north. Of the latter, one passes through Kotri und is best known us the Hyderabad toad: It takes the same course as the railwas anid is therefore very little used. Tho stages on the ah sate exhibited in the following statements :— a | | Meet fre Korracks to Sch wien, From Rare) 10) |Govd and rung ovroran Musafirkhane (well water — & oltenave plain. : 1 ‘|B (ead Lor (faa tment pune. Liv. Kate} ve ES flood, tt. rocky Rae ee pind middalickhanag rie ie! et «| Well wetee ancl camping grmend., = fii F s = at - ef = Talia freer. Miro Lagheri 1 Good and #hnity sate Me ape Mughullhin 1 yen sige sss fabipaer pelt cad ant “5 Oy eer Pt ver - Pha. | Musefirthene; water ; | ated io omae Of Tene Husafirkhane svah iss reel paw agp mer, “of the Kao of thie (bie rine. Seveet water i | brought from Lakinpat. am. Bkian Yr | “ ae, if ! ownlla. Manjhent ws Sete bark sod alk irectesceceur teat is a mile to tho weet, waz Todos water, Lai .-| to ai apttincs nd Dhan = milve 10 the ; 2 Pive miles turther, et Mortlaty, ja the boundary of the district. ) KARACHI DISTRICT, The other main toads through the district are :— (1) Dabheji station to Gharo (7 miles), to Mirpur Sakro (15 i), to Buhara (6 per to Garho (18 ne and to Keti Bandar (16 miles 2) Jongshahi to Tatts (13 =o aaleal ue Pir Patho (13 miles), to Kotri Allahrakhio (12 miles), to Garho (18 miles) and to Keti Bandar (16 miles). (8) Kotri to Thano Bula Khan (82 miles). (4) Bujawal to Mirpur Bathoro (15 miles). (a). Karachi to Pir Mangho (10 miles) and to the Habb river (7 miles). ange tat te tion of the roads from Karachi to Pir pe: Vides hahi station to Tatta none of fee Senet Sedalia ene Except in municipal to Sage i oS he O ] | been mainly by camels, an carts have been ca ‘Since rvs ‘of the railway traffic has i With the development of motor transport the Deailting of the main roads may became Th this Delta the traffic is almost entirely by water, Numerous creeks and channels are connected by cross channels, so that small bouts ten teas ther way at high water in any direction within o distance of fifteen to twenty miles from the shore. sea, ile between Kett Bandar and Karachi is mainly by sea, except during the monsoon months, _. There are sumerous ferries pl the xnyer Indus. Ms catteli-ary on the ville oo hanees The great fillies fr teatiport in ovary direction which Trade and intetries, !8t nOW make it almost . to give any aceou | tricta, ‘The trude of Karachi is for the ‘trade of Sind and it eet Chapter VIL of the “ A” Ve one atl + Melina adietigrrhte tha ge Port of ‘Earache Within district the movement of trade consista chiefly in the and up to the present have hag 77 7 tion of the of the boats that ¢ho a the cargo fe ont ta ( flowing leptin tp to Karachi of the rice, wheat, wool, hones, hides and other produce of the country, and the dis- tribution from Karschi, by way of the smaller towns, of is, sugar, keroame oil and the miscellaneous jufnctared articles from Bombay and Europe which people have learned to require. Among these, ironmongery ard chemical dyes may be specially mentioned. The means of transport ure road and rail in the northern half of the district and water in the southern. That which takes the formor ia nowhere registered in a form that can be made use of here, and it is ess important. That which takes the latter has two are gates—Keti Bandar and Sirganda— whore it is all registered im in the Custom Houses at those places (4. v. under gee ak A good deal of px ce, however, finds its way by the Ghoaro creek to (him Banilar, which is a sub-port of Karachi, and is. therefare absorbed in the trade of Karachi. Both Keti Bandar and Sirgunda have a certain amount of direct trade with Cuteh, Kathiawar and even Zanzibar ; but the greater part of their exports first go to Karachi und are eventually included in the Oa Se gos Basel hares dl apis The expor of the district, of the province, always largely exceed th imports ‘and consist almost entirely of raw produce, rice | preponerating over al) else. There are no arts or mant- in the district of sufficient importance to deserve mention at all asan element im the trade, though from other mts of view some, like the weaving of longis at Tatta, are Baperting These are described in the general article in the "A" Y (scape and are menos also fe SORnGEIO Wise laces at whi Chay A085 ADEA Ly: ere 18, LoWever, aoe oma 9e eB vt ee ee erect» . aise it many a eyeing of a local traffic hy no means insignificunt. This is the manufacture of mate (pankhs) from the rank grasses, sar and kanh that grow on the river banka. These mats bmw are used for temporary huta, boat Gwnings 4, forma very conmiderable propar- ly ae the mouths of REVENUE. Tables AJV, AV AAU-A, XXLI-B, XXIII, XXIV, AXV, XXVE-A and AXVI-B. CHAPTER FX OF “ A" VOLUME, Table XV detaila the rates of azsesament payable under the current settloment in each tuluka of the diatrict. The history of the various kinds of settlements that have been in force inthe province from time to time have been given in Chapter LX of the A” Volume. The trrigationul settlement isin tose in every taluka, except Karachi, and the Manjhand and Kohistan Mahals. The irrigated portions of Karachi Taluka near Malir and Landhi, comprising three tapas, were settled for the first time in 1911-12, The remninder of the taluka ts divided into five tapas which have been roughly surveyed. The mtes in force in these are 8 annas per adore Se ee a by tie 12 annas for ploughed barani, aes I ed by lift, In the hilly country of Manj and Kohietan it is impossible to pring cultivation sae ea very definite rules as it dep ee ee ge are raised whenever there is sufficient moisture in 2 The figures of revenue given in Table XXII-A ‘are pended under different heads m the six succeeding talles The couingheben rian which zheng niecellaneous tub-heads in seal lies separate notice, includes, in thi instunce, the imperial customs revenue ted at Karachi, Keti Bandar and Sirsands, and nearly four- ftths of the whole salt revenue of the province, and therefore amounts ‘to more thap the double of all the other heads put together. It also includes the revenue derived from fisheries, but not —_ revenue, which is hence A seal a Table XI. prepara eda “he hitry end managenent fot ike eA Volume. customs and aalt revenie are described With excise, tampa, income tax, eto., in Chapter LX of that The giole al pale rein. fr ac bs redtrsert collected at the Maurypur Salt-works, « description of w in given below under “Places of Interest." Allusion to these Bile vone th has already been made in Chapter IX of the “A Volume. 3 & The riglt to fish inthe Indus snd in the canals and = dhands withm the District is . ee sold by anotion, In tho ease of canals and dhands filled by canals, the right is sold by auction and the proceeds ate oredited to the Pubhe orks Department. In the case of the river and of dhands fillod by the inun- dation, the Revenue Department sells the right: and receives the proceeds, wv MiS—i TUSTIOR. Tables XVI, XVU, XVIU, XIX, XX and XXI. CHAPTER X IN“ A“ VOLUME, In addition to the Court of the Jadicial Commissioner of Sind at Karachi, which is also the ee "pee ee Court of Sessions and District Court for the Karachi District, the Criminal and Civil Courts exist in the district diction of each is specified :— Hace of Coork | JF iruechictuan. _ « Bort Officer Kiameri antl Manors. oo Crt: i oa “any re Additions tional City Magivtrate Within’ Karmihi Clty divided ow City: Dheputy: Calleetor Karachi te District Magistrate i# by law a melee The Sub-divisional Maretcaten, the trates and the Magistrates in Karachi are fe i ponents In the district ten tration Sub-districta have been oteat of with offices at Seren Mis- Bale ‘chan The Registration Sub-districts correspond there- fore with two exceptions to the revenue divisions of talukus and mahals. Sujawal and Manjhand have not yet been formed es “separate Registration Sub-districts, Deeds relatinit to property sitnated in Sujawa!l are presented to -R egistrar of Mirpar Bathoro, while deeds relating: to property in Manjliand Mahal are presented to the Suh- Registrar, Kotri, who for the purpose in required to_ visit Miunjhand. for one week every month. At Kar li, Keotri, Tatta and Mi ur Bathoro the work is dour by full- tine Subl- Registrars ; ahi it is. done by the taluka Head Munshis in addition. to their own. duties. Talla. eleven thi sth idiary jauls, =e taluka, or mahal, head- quarters town, except K Besides these there : police Gaskins at certain of the police stations. The Karachi prison, to which figures in Table XXI relate, was situated in the jall quarter of the town, on the Bandar Road, having been conrtructed in 1858 at # Gost of Ra. 1,}2,412 and covering 10} acres. For niany yeara it roved to be quite inadequate, and in 1906 a epacions new wus opened on the p north of the water-works rose. VOIr, Fh Sanne Presi rowl running north-e ’ Soldiers’ Bazaur. aten within the oater wall, which is 13 feet high, ia 10,889 square yards and proviiles accom modution for 325 males and 17 females, The several barracks, celly and workshops for male prisoners are surroumled by an inner wall 0 feet high. Between the two, im separate enclosures, ure female cells, wards for Europeans, ghee te., ¢ Onp The soma tescares barracks ~ubicles of strong wire-netting. The . : for the jail staf are all ovtaile of t the main wall. : ‘e total cast of the building was Rs. 3,57,000. 99 KARACHI DISTRICT. LOCAL ano MUNICIPAL. Tables XXVIE-A and Bond XXVITI. CHAPTER XLIN “A” VOLUME > EE Loca. Boarps. The District Local Board is composed of 12. nom inated 2 ah rosacea arse ei The former inchide the Collector who is always appointed President, two Assistant Collectors, one District Deputy Collector, the Huzur Deputy and the Executive Engineer, Karachi Canals The elected members const of ane momber spe ‘each: of the ‘Talika Beards, one from the Karachi Municipality and one from the holders of entire allenuted villages. The Vice-President is now for the first time 4 non-official, There is a Taluka Local Board for each taluka, the number of members depending upon ita size. ‘The Assistant Collector or Deputy Collector: in ol of the taluka is its President, and non-official jal Vice: Presidente ape iy _ heang appotnted, as opportunity for doing so presents The tables give detuils of the revemie a expendit of the Boards. Besides the maintenance of roads, which invelves keeping in repair some 800 important bridges, the District Board kept up the following important works during the year 1915-16 :— 62 wells and tanks. 10 travellers’ bungalows, 60 dharamshalas. 103 schools. 1) dispensaries. rai by Boatd vontribute| to the ia institutions in fei) -— Dayaram Jethmal Bind College ~ by) I Btad Madreseah i ee 1800 Zoulog : cal Garden -, 1,000 n Female Hospital, Karachi : .. 2250 peed oye ye tears -» 1,000 Tatta Municipality {or maintammg schools and dis- pensaries 1,000 = diese “aedaant! aula for maintaining school and Kase D The Board keeps up some vaouina ting estublishment of the "dubeict MUNIOIPALITIES. © The progress and the present position of municipal government m Sind are sketched is Chapter XA of the “A” Volume. When Bombay Act V1 of 1873 was extended to Sind on ist Oetober 1878, the Karachi District had Muni- cipal Commissions in 14 towns, 8 af which, having les than 2,000 inkubitanta, were excluded by that Act, Of the Temaining towns, Karachi having more than 16,000 inhu- bitants became.a “ City where ead while rig fallowi five: became “Town Municipalities ">—Kotri, Manjh , Mirpur Bathoro and Keti Bandar, The last hud been eroded oS the river in 1877, but arose again na new place. In 1878 the Karachi Municipality set the example to Sind of levying «a house-tax ond wus followed by Kotri and Keti Bandar. The elective avstem was introduced in Karnchi and Kotri in 1884, When the enuctmenta of 1878 and 1878 were Rc ierets by Bombay Act If] of 1901, which amenied and consolida ter the whole Jaw relating to muni- eipalities ie cies and ais of the Presidency other than the city of Bombay, Karachi continued to be a City Mumici- pality, The Municipality of Mirpur Bathoro waa abolished in 1895, hut the other four mentioned above remain to this day, The Karachi Municipal Conneil m 1615-16. comusted of 42 hice of whom 24 were elected by 2 by the Chamber of Commerce, ts’ Association and 14 were: Sipstis inten Mestan au nominated by the Commiasioner in Sind. The Presiont is a non-official. The executive Site Mae lanagme Committees of 9 members, of which the president 1s Chairman : Vice-President a member. The area originally assigned to the Municipality am- braced 71°42 square miles af ground and there has sinee been little change m these limite, € ab ai a 1008 Manora, comprising an area of 2°2 square - iles, levlared to be a Cantonment and the minteipal bekiesta res were udjusted aceortingly. The average income of the Municipality since the ret 1904-05 lias been Ks, 17,535,287 and the expenditure Rs. 16,84,134. Up to 1915 octroi was the mam source of the ineame, accounting for more than one-half of it. In thst year a terminal tax was introduced im liew of it, The ‘total revenue derived from the tax up to March Sist, 1014, was Fes, 2,24,546-18-0 ond that for the year 1016-17 Rs. 6,42,787-10-7. The rest of the revenne is derived from water rate, conservancy cess, howse-tax, reuts, the sule of land, market and sluughter- -house fees, tax on animals and vehicles, miscellaneous items and coutributions, Govern- ment muke an annual grant equal to one-half of the muni- cipal expenditure on prumary education, and smaller con- tributions for ei aid educational purposes ato also received from. the the Loval Board. vost of general administrati¢ conservancy, Toads, wahools anid ‘alba, drainage, libraries and soouevary! hospitals sn age "The Municipaty bogs eh primary & an ays grants | 5 secondary schools rachi 1 the Paap site in Bin that nusintains an cgncy of its own for the registration ‘ft births and ces Registrar ia sino Supermtenden of Vacvination. The itl tania at Rs. 17,71,350 is being patd off by mes inking fund. ‘This debt was incurred on sooount. of water worke and | in which the ourrent espendie ture ia aleo heavy ; but in the case of the water works it is reproductive exp expenditure, and even the | ¥ hee been made to yield « certain amount algrevenne by its connection with a farm. Kotri is the only town in the district, except Karachi, which enjoys the | apes of electing a portion of ite cor- poration. 5ix of the twelve are elected and the remminder poniinawed by $6 Commeaoner i in Sim. Inthe other three ipalities the members are all nominated, either by name or in virtue of their offices. In Kotri the Deputy y¥ Collector is the President and the Mukhtyarkar has invariably been elected to the office of Vice-President. The same is the cas¢ in Manjhand, the Mahalkari of the mahal being the Vice-President. In Tatta and Keti Bandar the Awsatant Collector m charge of the division is the President and the Mukhtyarkar always the Vice-President. All theas Muni- cipulities derive their revenue princtpally ‘from octroi duties, fu Kotri and Keti Bandar there is a house-tax, but it scarcely yiolls aa much revenue in the former place as {ees from markets and, sisughter-houres, nor im the a eee as mueh as the cattle-poond. A refund of octro i duty ts =e granted if appl for on gooda Which are two mit all the Téefunda do not amount to more igs 6 or 6 Shee Se drergeer de The incidence of taxation ranges. Re. 1-4-2 ead per annum in Manjhand to Rs. 2-13-09 in Kotri. heaviest charges on the revennes oe ined mind pene conservancy. The balance of the | $2 KanAcH? b one-third of the amount expended by it on education: and the Lowa! Board always mukes a r ooababation: towards the | ry- On the che hand the Municipulitics pay something to the Local Funds for the services of their vao- cinstors.. None of these four Municipalities has any debt. On the contrary their account show a oredit balance, which, in the case of Keti Bandar, amounts to five times a years revenic. CAS TONMENTS. The Karachi a has existed ever since the - conquest and an area of 2°02 at milan was reserved for it by Sir Bartle Frero when fixing the municipal limits in 1858. [ts present grea is 10°57 mec $3 gunther (8 Rae F marie an Sadar Bazaar, whieh was orally included i Cant a was lunded over to fhe Mivema wis mode i in 1800 whereby the Mun fact Hut if recovers wheel-tax, ete, Cantonment, pays to the Cantonment Committee 4 an Snail sum of Res. 7,000 for repair of roads, lighting, ete. Other sources of Cantonment revenue are land, house and con servancy taxes, etc., the Income from which for the last ten sraged Hs. 40,983. The average expenditure, chiefly on conservancy, has been Ra, 42,704. The Cantan- ramp Conumittes is constituted under the Cantonment Code of 1899. and consists of the et dig th a succeed. to ie ig es rate Magistrate, the Sanitary. Offic King ee District ot af i ruin ric Li e ficers as may ada in. Station mute ey ache and pinilarly “i the Distr Jisent# from any decision of the Committee on the ground that if i# preju- dictal to the public health, safety or convenionce, he may refer it to the Local Government throtigh the Com- miasione©r. LOCAL AND MiTNiclPat. ag In October 1903 the whole of Manora wns declared a stasis Cantonment. The area included ia 302 acres and 32 gunthas, Baba nnd Bhit not being part of it: The Committes consists of five members, one of whom rept ute the Port Trust. The tonment Mayistrate of Karachi ix the Secretary. The seaites of revente are property rate on houses and lands, 4 sonitary oess on non-mi tary residents and a tax on vehicles and animals. Until these imposta were sah in Novernber 1905, the Committee was depencde Government, grant-in-aid. Since then its average i haa been Ns..3,998 and the overage expenditure R ee sastiary soegs ib the Cantonment are inaintained by 7 | artment ‘atid she eches node ey the Cantonment Commnittes elie 4 KARACHI DISTRICT, EDUCATION, Tables XXIX-A, B, O.and D. CHAPS ES ATI IN © A” VOLO ME, Table XXTX-B gp Ame res of sei sate institutions exieting im uring shoot nays ranergeriprope i al boys and gir ® Hlaetioal Depa netrun- tio im them. These 1 : by the Tulucati it ment and assisted by Government are classed as io others aa private. The Primary Schools deshribed ae Public ‘indigenous are thowe whieh, though they do mob teach according to prescribed stumdarda awl therefore do sot receive grants-in-aid, sulmit to inapodtion and get & snull subsidy on certain conditions. Under the present cates mn mant-in-aid is made by Government from provincial ‘ ib (a al] schools mph pens ba prescribed | ifions, i¢ grint in each ense is accessed by the Educational Inspector, or hy one of his susistants, and ts limited to one-half of the loewl assets, or one-third of the total expenditure of the institution, during | revious official year except in the case of Girls School where the maximum grant is equal to half of the expenditure, ard the Indigenous Schools where the grant ranges from Rs. 2 to 6-fora boy according to the standards, For each girl the grant ia double of that for a boy in the corresponding standard. The details of the expéniliture will be found in Table XXIX-D. The duty of abana primary education devolves in raral and non- ssunicipa areas on the Local Boards and constitutes in f unicipal areas one of the statutery obligations of the Manicibality. The development of these institutions during the Last twenty years is shown in Table XXIX-B. The extent to which the measures adopted by these public bodies are seconded by private enterprise is also exhibited. _ All the Local pear oy a Schools are boys’ Pa race gis tegergea PS 4 8 num ok up toidhe O0). oheniaed mar of Spee dfs “the ang are Poe chikiren of cam-payers ‘Hdvcefion. in, thee’ school i EDUCATION. a6 artly free. The percentage af p pu no fees im the o¢al Board Bohools is 86" i. ts He of the schools no fees are charge, in the remainder a emall fee ‘om 6 phase Sianan al manele RES Even in those schools there is a free list’ comprising 26 to 76 per cent of the pupils. ‘The tuition. in 5 eo imary Schools is peng ith that given in Local Schools teaching the 7th Vernacular stander. Under this head t pat are 14 Girls’ and 19 Boys’ Behools, Although Arabic- Simihi Seliools form the op seine! there are many Gujarati Schools te mest the needs of the Parsis, ———, erica and othurs who form i Coe the population of Karachi. There « Marathi Bay : 1 Marathi Girl’, 1 Urdu Boys’ and ‘ Ueda Cirle’ Schiaals in Karachi; | Gujarati Boys’ School and 1 Gujarati Girk’ Bchool in Tattn and. A mixel aaa me soe Bandar. bit schools af this deésori sthou exhibit little vitality and constitute an inappreciable element m the sdueational system of the district. aoliool feos for boys, which $ annas a month according to the stand: of Mussalmans receiving instruction in Maziickpal ; Pr Schools is about 36 per cent of the total. Of the aided scliools 22 are for boys and P2 for girls, More than half of them are Gujarnti Behools, the rest bei Arabio-Sindhi with the exception of a fow Marathi Devanagri Schools, Two of them sre branches of the Ohitrch Mission High School and one of the Sind Madresaah, to whieh they act as feeders, Saven of the 19 Girls’ Schools have been started by the Church Mission Zonana Socety in different localities in Karachi, Most of ‘thw Boys" Schools teach only up te the 4th Vernacular ‘stundard. After completing thia cconres, # boy is transferred, if he wishes to acquire an Mnglish education, to an Anglo-Vern- : cular School, or to one of tho vance imei ne is open to him to prosecute his: stucdice the Vernacular tp to the 7th standard in one of tho schools teaching all the coer! aba change = EARAQHT DIKTHRICT: 36 up ‘to this standard. The fees charged from boys in these institutions range from 1 to §8 annas mensem socording to the standard. The number of Mussalmans receiving instruction in Aled Pmmary a mele agen to only 30 per cent of he. total. Th ivate management, I these institutions are classed as om Pull Schools hocwuse the are Inspected by and conform to the standards of the ucationsl Department. They repuliy in-aid from Government. There are tiro Government r Schools nt Manor. The Indigenous Schools consist principally af Koran lasses which have deseeniled to the present tithes from the _ of native mile. These classes, which are commonly presere Ke ues or in sheds adjoming the mosqnes, are nespoariare ng of the girls, whom the Mullah o-Vernacular ar Middle Schools in the ; eat Sotioo! hand. $: ont of the biter. Manipal Schoo and the former 10 are aided ones, The European School at Kotri was opened in 1870 and is aided by Government... The iture in 1915-16 amounted to Re. 4,500, of which Ra. 1,260 was contributed by Government, Es. 1,694 were met from fees and the rest from the municipal funds. The first five standards are tanght in the school, The sumber of pupils on the rolls of the school in March 1016 was 83, _ Theschool at Tatts which was opencd about 1856 is also aided” Government and had 148 pupils on its rolls in March 1916. The ex ire Mm "1015-16 amounted to Ra, 6440, of which Rs. 2,183 Gent contributed by Government, Rs. 2.556 were met from fees and the rest from munici funds and other sources. The school teaches up to first six six standards. The school at Manjhand wan started in 1916. Hy ie: only Ree hod tate the Educational D e The school teaches up to the Ofkies private ‘Aiplo-Vecuacslar Bohool in Karachi Boys’ School aad the Edward yackaen pg at Kismari There are gleotwo Girls’ Anglo-Vernscular Schoolx, one dards. ‘There were 27 pupils in March 1916. * 7 EDUCATION. 87 Minas Shoat Se 8 Ok Bes 2s Zenaps Under the class “ English Middle | red by Government there are only two at ‘Karachi One | Girls’ Convent School and the other the Parish Schoo! They are classed as Indigenous and are paid « small grant ‘by Uovernment. The Girls’ Convent School at Karachi has-existed sepa ritely since 1900.and teaches up to the 6th English prvi There were 206 girls on the roll at the close of the year. 1915-10, mostly native Christians. Though organically distinct, this school ia under the same mankgement ns the Convent High School, of which it was till recently a portion, and it i#-cairned on in the same building. The Manora School was founded in 1866 for the eduoa- tion of the children of Europeans and Eurasians resident ut Manors aml Kiameri. It is controlled by « Committee, of which the Port Officer ia ex officio President, and taught by 4 mistress who has free quarters on the premises, There were 27 children (boys and gia) ou the roll m 1015-16, The Kotri School was veils & started at « very early date, when the Indus Flotilla and the terminal station of the autukea Railway brought together 1 » considerable ite HAY important ae Ax an Aided Middle School tt detes from 1884-85, It is controlled by a Local Committee, In 1015 there were 17 pupils on the roll, all Christiana. } There is another English School at Kotri under Roman Catholic nuttagerent, which is called St. Mary's School. Tt teaches up to the 6th standard of the seeondary course, but itis neither registered nor sided by Government. It receives, however, a grant from the railway, The Karachi Narayan Jagarnath High School was the first Government schoo establixhed in Sind, It was opened in October 1855 with 68 boys. The building, which was situated at the junction of the Bandar and Mission i was designed by Lientenant Ohana and the Muni ahared the coat of erection with Government. tt was aT by the prevent buildings, which have coat (inclusive of additi na in "1896 ond 1900) Rs. 43,204 and provide actommodation for 17 classes. ¢ number 40) KARACIIT DETRICY. the old Chapel for the Boys’ School, which had grown into a High School, coe eae re building was erected in 1895 on a free aite granted b Vantonment authorities and coet Ra, 51,882, as rg which Government granted Rs. 13,036 and the Roman Catholic Mission contributed Rs. 37,748, The building contains one lar ¢ hall anil 8 cluss- ‘rooms with woceasories, In March 1916 | he number on the tolls was 36], neurly all Kuropeans, E i Christians, A few Hindus, Muzzal, sttend. St. Joseph's Convent School has nally out of the mixed shod openod by the vorenge} Wilk in 1861. The girls were separated in the falowing year and taken charge of by some nuns of the Co egation of the Daughters of the Cross, and a single-star Ted Leon wie erected for their accommodation. In 1870 peti wis ber central tower 60 feet liigh were added became a handsome and imposing structure. Bat ae the number of boardera and day 50 olara increased, further acu soins bar me yr, and a third << wes added, ations and lofty dormitories 1807 A 1807 lange pay shoahel was built: on the. site of the old Se urch, and in 190) a new aisle was added on to sited hip The total cost of the building hus been wbuat a 7 of which Government granted Its 25,000; = ast ription. ‘The accommodation now comprises 16 idansabomil “2 refectories, 3 dormitories, 2 infirmaries and 19 other rooms, including the Sisters’ quarters, In 1900 the school was divided into two distinct institutions—an English- ‘teaching Day Rehool for native Christians ond others, which has aiready hven mentioned whe: Middle Schools, and a Boarding and Day Behool for ai which teaches up to the High: : i The number of pupila in the latter is about 219, of whom 00 ere boarders ebm ce are 12 nines of the above mentioned ' ols Sisters sinder a Lady Superior. They : peer ister ili EDUCATION, 4 education. In 1846 Major Preedy entrusted his school to a anceg, veh f residents, who in 1853 passed it on to the hur races sume coniition on which hey ha ee that ull instruction, as far us the ermitted, should be imparted by means of Chrie blications and that these should include ade the whole Bible This condition is still observed. The Miseion after- wards acquired Major Preedy’s kacheri as 4 Mission House and the little building which he erected in the compound for his School is said to survive as the hall of the present school house. It now éantaing 14 rooms with accommodation for 250 boys. The number on the roll in March 1910 was 417; of whom. 256 were Hindus, 77 Brahmins, 82 Jains, 35} mans, 0 native Christians, 2 Parasia and 8 Jews. The anual cost of the school, so far as if can be dissosiated from the general Mission work, is about Ra. 6,000. The Dayaram Jethmal Sind College origmated in a memorial sent to the Education Commission which was sitting in Bombay in 1882, urging the desirability of estah- lishing o college in 1 Sind. The vontribution , nteed at that time not being considered sufficient, a Committee was formed to collect funds and was able in 1886 to offer an endowment. fumd of Re, 76,000, To the i interest of this the rpalit and Local Boards ngreed to add a sum of Oper anmim. Government, still declining to found : 3 colle e, promised a grant- in-aid of Rs. 10,000 if one were “al The Commuttee accepted the offer offer and started oe Sind Arts College in a hired bungalow, The contrel of it was handed over to the Sind College Board, which was ” afterwards amalgamated with the society of suhecribers, which had been registered us the Sind as Association. Thiv arrangeme aan connnse, Commissioner in Sind r. ( cost Ha. 186,514, - which aa om Rs. 77,108, the balance being raised by subscription, to which Muni ties, Loca] Boards anil private in individuals of all classes con- tritmted with remarkab lity. ii arc NAITO “The Dayaram Jethmal Sind College” the memory of the late Honourable Mr. ea Jethetal on Wl - 42 KARACHI DISTRICT. Re 2 of = members’ of whose ving 4 ws Golan wee ret orthat purpose, The site for the wis frantec i silty foe of charge. iineerme class, which had existed in Hyderabad for some time, was made a branch of the College, Government promising an annual grant of Ra. 2,000 to nesiat it. In 1804 His Excellenoy Lord Harris laid the foundation of a hostel on another site granted by the Municipulity on the other side of the road fronting the College. It was — ed in 190) as the © Motharam Hostel ” in honour Rao Bahadur Diwan Metluram Gidumal, who coutri- buted Hs. 15.000 towards ite cost, The total cost wos Hts. 1,18,935-0-8, of which Government granted one-half, In 1916 the College teok over the per i floor of the main building hitherto oceupied by the Victoria Museum. In the same year a Biological Laboratory and a Swimming se were ev College is a of ce moat. lnuildings irs Karache par adjunet nie Victoria Museum, it hes a fo Y feat th Wreth, facts cing south-west on. the Kacheri ae athe front cousiata he o plinth 5 see high, an open arcade of dressed stones tir ary: oslo supporting the whole length of the building. In the centre i is ig Sl ee lecgget B ® ty w 7 c The the portico are 20 feet hi ventral tower ri the portico to a height « 1a feet and has 8 ay 30 eal in diameter, built in stone, rtico leads to an open vestilile, which in tarn feat to 0 the miuin stairense, which is situated under the dome. The floors of these apartments are laid with Mosaic tiles from Belgium. The main stnircase i8 8 feet. wide and is of ell tt mut aad | cast-iron yore In the pac hall, G4 tose lotig by #4 wads not a 6 hi from: thocr to, coin, Thee ee ee ipper story, thus he Oe tee aaaaton for 82 boanlels ati: is cpa full. The med stuff of the College consiats of » Principal Vice-Prinzipal and © Professors, assisted by seven teachers, Lovturers smi Fellows The fetes of instruction —— ie full curriculum m Arte of the Bombay University. King ing there is a thtee years’ course, concluding ab examination conducted by members of the Public Worka Dapavsbuadt, auwess in which leads to appointment in that departinent. Rk are ee cea gen Alcea one students in tho a Calage ex Ut special St ups Ii prizes and tnedale provided by private generosity. The fees ure: Arte Branch .. Re. 45 4 term, Re 00 o vear: A arr EOE 4 Branch aa iT Engi The number of students in this Arta Branch’ in 115-16 was 268, of whon 181 were Hindus, 9 Brahmins, 39 Maho- medans, 19 Parsia, 14 Europeans and Eurosians and 7 et and 33 Hindus and Mahomedans were in the Engincermg Branch. The average annual expenditare on the maintenance of the College is about Ra. 66,600 spurt from the Eugineer- ing Branch which costs separately about Rx. 7,000, The income consists of the Government grant of Res. Stews grants from Municipalities and Loral Boards aggregat about Its. 18,000, the interest derived froin the Enc owmenlt Fund about Rs: 6,000, and fees which have risen in 10 years from Tia. 13,000 to Its. $2,500, The total income in 1915-16 was 5, Ba, ec Rs. 6,877 derivel from. tho 44 KARACHI DISTRICT. perty of the late Colonel Cory, who edited From 1902 to 1912 it was edited by his diughter Mrs. Tato. In 1886 it was combined with the Joint Stok Company.” At of an Scoted mubloarion ss that there was no ' 0 Wait was supplied by the starting of the “ under Indian management. It continues Jotho ne Ch pate The dal orga ofthe esepaen the “ or ly re : t the. ovmncial organ e Kur population has il sing cirulation. te i ig published daily: A V paper led the " Sind Observer " is also pub: . Besides these, the “Sind Sudhar " may be mentioned as claiming to be the oldest: vernacular y aper in Sind. It was started orginally by the Educational Department and handed over in 1844 to "the ance defunct Sind Sabha. Tt is now a private concern and appears to enjoy o large circulation. The Karachi sr al Library, athe zh it is commonly callud, the Frere | Library, hhc riginuliy the Senutal gets ners was founded in 1852 under the presidentship of (after- wa Sir Aaxtigr we There Lier at that a a Station brary, which was the property of the civil and mili officers inthe Cantonment and was not accessible ta the mee ie ie Rpelger ie Bee oni ” with @ gracdtated stale of muksuriptions Bos Library was started an accotm- modated in a room of the Gymkhana, or the Ladies’ Chrb as it was then called. It was declared to be public property, Linc without the wonsent of Government, and iwemen nirusted to a Committee consisting of bare er officio members and others elected by the sub- acribers, ‘it wus combined a Miwetum, which was bably the one. : Bie Cashes agar whist he. wad Governor of Bind. The bri sein nut-grew ic atic Arlbis Go lake Clab and My. Frere annealed to Government for help to add two wings to the room. He obtained Rs, 6,000 from Government and sd ng pens pagan At the came timo he got phy eae nen 1,000 and 4 promise of Re. 600 a year more on the condition that a free Reading Room was maintained. EDUCATION, 40 The institution still ptiat the in 1962 a proposal was bt a nsteante sive | nti ihe ie | was received cial an rat be Fate ikeay yuk Masaeet tl uncon pein ment was coma to, which was Regprecs in Government Resolution No. 1881, dated Oth Anguab 1870, and the | | al Library was handed over to the Mnnioi- nderstanding that the Onenmittes of SEG be open to the publi froe of churge af « Reading Room anil one room #hall bé set apart for the Seer. uae of the aube scribers. ‘The Museum was seperated from the Library in 1892 ond the collections transferred to the pew bulleoas described below, the management of them being en to. a new Committee by the Soak sage | at the request of the Library and Museum Commu © were of opmion perintend the affairs of both institu- The Nutive: (General Library i is apposed to have been founded before 1880 and has ac iter] nearly 3,000 volumes, including some rare and curious works. Every year a sum of Rs. 250 or 300 12 fet apart for the purchase of new books and the Reading Room is supplied with newe papers and ar ye The Library, as its nume implies, . 13 intended used ee y educated natives of all classes. It wae located t unknown date. This waa prallod emi gaee the Library waa tin cote in the fawn et to the Ghulam Husrem Kholikdina Hall. the Library still vests in 46 KARACHI DISTRICT. HEALT H. Tables XXX-A ond B, XXXNI, XXX and XXXIT. CHAPTER XIU OF " A” VOLUME. There are three hospitals in the district—the Civil and Lady Dufferin Hospitals in Karachi and the North-Western Railway Hospital at Kotri. The Karachi Civil Hospital is ad oldest Britiah institutions in Sind and there appears bacon to be no clear record of its origet. Te is known that the central part of the old building, which is in the Runechore Lines quarter and staniis on the Mission Road, was built by Government in 1854 of 4 coat of Rs. 6,878, and that if was added to in 1850 by the Sind Railway Company, recently established. Other uddi- tions were made and in 1908 it contained 8 wards and 79 beds, It was then completely re-built, and the nose nus plies iy the city a ne most oe nye protpa of ik in the ‘city. ue owing unlidinigs are corn: prised im the group :— 1. A Dispensary, m which out-patients are. attend- ‘ed to and new patients seen before admission. It ia a sangle-storied building, paved throughout with marhle, contaiming two large waiting rooms for men and women, with separate examination rooms, dispensary, ‘dry awl linen stores, etc, 2, The Daten’ Jahilee Block, tnt tothe di sary, consisting of nurses’ quarters. e funds for this were raised by public subscription and the founda- tion stoné was thid by Their Excellencies Lord. and Lady Curzon in 1000, This baiilding. hae hss since been eile: toy nel thie £6 now (Marters for 27 mires. & arpwal Fiesty 8 the: central build- ; penta spc wn Lae gg ee eg and a small spare ward, ol om the ground floor The wpper story contains or Europeans, each 26) hy 17} fect, 4 bath-rooms, a duty room, matron’s room, ete, Tho front verandah ts 12 foet wide, the back verandah 10 feet. The warda are paved with white marble and have white tiled dadoes, while the bath- - {TRALTH, aj , Fooms hero: pavement and deidoce ef Minton tes he tandahs, passages and, in fact, all floors not pa’ with marble sre covered with amall hexagonal I ib tiles. All corners are rounded off to prevent the accu- - mulation of t dust ‘ad the large nee irs are case with cement concrete for the same rea. Se ce ee oe eas apna Bee 4 Mediou! Block.—This stands to the right of tho last and is connected with it by a covered way. It contains, on the ground floor, 2 wards, 20 feet by 17, for Musaalmans, 1 for women, 1 for high caste Hindus and = malay cai Findus, 25 beda in all; and on the floor 6 wards for paying Indians, 25 beds in all ‘bath-rooms, efc., are as in the Surgical Block. 5. Police Bloack—This ia similarly situated on the left of the Sargical Block and containa 2 large wards, $7} feat, by 26 each, for ten men, on the ero floar, and 3 same on the upper floor. , hi Septic pac g igo bcp ci Sees: of the jospt roper, Am i provi with @ speci oper- tion sta lt tater wards with accommodation for 6 gee 4 women, 4 high caste Hindus and 6 low caste Hindu 7. A or four strong wards for supposec insanes under observation, quarters for the H Surgeon, ample kitchens and outhouses make up the remainder of the group of lmildings, the total a of which was sis 5, 72,049, iNeed of the Civil its vhs rec, 3 Sub-Assistant Sar a 48 KARACHI DISTHICT. The latest development: of the hospital is the erection of an eye hospital to be known ae the Seth Goverdhandis Motilal Mohatta Eye Hospital, in ‘linear of the Seth of that name who has a Bye, Hopital 70,000 for the purpose. The building is to be erécted on the site of the House Surgeon's quarters facing Mission Road. Pending its construction, work is pin carried on In a temporary structure. For his t generosity the title of Rao Bahadur has been conferred on Beth Goverdhandas. The Lady Dufferin Hospital opposite the Civil Hospital was opened on ae November 1898, _laaF Dulles Fomale Ti is maintainer i prants by Govern- Soe linnt, the Karachi Junicipality and the District Local Board, aubseriptions, donations and the interest of the Reserve Fund, and is controlled by a Uom- mittee, of which the Collector of Kurachi is the Chairman. The build) ay which cost Rs. 1,05,000 was pre: by Mr. Equijt Dinshaw, O.1E,, of Kurachi. Besides the Lady Jaen the Matron and nursing staff at the hospital, the Committee ftee maintain an Assistant Lady Doctor at t the Jaffer Fudoo Dispensary for the benefit of wemen and children living in tha: “ae of the city. Within the last few years the work of hospital has expanded considerably, and fo mieet the demands upon it an operation Sore nirsies’ Quarters and A muternity wing have been opened Tn ¢ fon with the hospital and situated within the sins compound is an institute for the training of Indian milwives, named the Lonise Lawrenre Institute, founded in memory of Mrs, Lawrence, wife af a Collector of Karachi, who died in 1912. To commemorate her name and work A sum of over Rs. 75,000 was collected se ae ee tion, ae was expended in in erecting snd ining : wok of the ‘the ioattite is me institute ia he est Saldwiven: (3) partial Seat g of da 4) lectures to Inarried women. the Wark tunder the onte lth Lay Dufferin Hospi mittec, antl the institute is mm fact a a Nabogral part of Cis Sicaplint peetos alga acre and i9 mmntained or : by the North-Western Rather for ¢ benefit of its own employdés, but HEALTH. 4 pretenaees talling ill, or receiving injuries, are also treated:at Tt was opeted in 1003 : sin saat of the building was Ra, 25,701. sin Karachi. There aro iy Rovers, oe a one at Manors is a very eet institution, dating back to 1856, ‘The remoteness of Manara, where there hus always been a consl- derablo iwhniwint of Sst Barge in Sar made oR, other y 18: for the establishment of the Comt and is almost, if not quite, ae old, for the records mention an Bpobhacnry attached to the Commissioner's Dispensary | mg Ag 1850. It rane as 2 Private Aides! iy me there i. n Sub-Assistant Surge iin charge, Of the : ining dispensaries, one in cnrachi Cantonment. is Square by the Noth: Western Railway and the rest by Musiigtpulities and Local Boards, though some of them owe ther origin to private beneficence.. There are alsb nny dispensaries in Karachi kept hy private practitiorers: Beatles these there is « Veterinary Dispensary in Karachi whith i not included in tie fichmont. Crestor table. It waa atarted ino hired butild- Veterinary Dicpemdry, = ing in 1802 und removed in 1895 to ifs prosent premises on the Bandar Road. They cover an aren of about 10,000 sqitare yards and inclide in addition to the dispensary separate wards for horses, cattle and dogs, besides an isolation ward afd one built for its own purposes by the Society for the Preven- tion of Oruelty to Animals. ‘There is a shoeing forge aloo. Tho cost of the buildings which amounted to Rs, 12,000 was borne equally by the District Local Bourd, the Karachi lerpalit sud the snora! public. The institution was named in honour of Colonel Cenwfurd, for many years Col- loctor of Kanchi A Voterinary (Graduate ie in. charge of it. The oot of maintenance in borne by the Dintriet Local Board, contribations of Rs. 1,500 and Rs. 600 heing received from the Karachi Municipality and Government pant ae Lick Ra, 4,702 were renlized From fees aay the sanie une vent 9) major and 273 ae litt , — ni ode” OE alt Bed EARACH!] DINTHICT, ae . Ppeteap itty qetay ee dope er OFF RE fen) | hw POT T THOM LTE Oe Be | wo See) eS ee | oven WL | Ae | Popo WON PE LE Ow eo ee | oe he Wild Mla Beek oe eet cree tH G6 1G | Bare PAPO ON od he Por ed ts at uy ney WV reel tne “a 5. sae re RY ee ky | wee) | Pepoaey] WON fF Lor | re : Sey Py a oO 6 an vie el THrsE | ane Ty 20" 1 Oe pe oe Oe Tre at en Pe ap HET nenee | One . ft tt pie tg le " | | at ag Fe eo are" Lo'l sere | ves ae le of ie a OF an Tre te EO oles eRe niet {08 att Pew 1) aes 7 | "rt bhi ' purus Pe E =, whl —: : MOJO ATS eo syn EPUY sHyNTy Gg eM yoy MoU y oy, ANION Vo AO AIX UGLAVUO ‘NOTLVULSININUY | i ee | See yh ee ae ee 62 KANACH! DISTRICT. The first four constitute the Shalibandar Sab-ilivi- sion, of which an Assistant Collector las charge. He has an zalow im a lord? # rden nt Sujawal, which was for- =the ins headquarters, but he now resides at Karachi during the hot season. The nex! four talukaa and the Keti Mahal are ragit Tatta Suh-division, of which an Assistant Collector has ye He is providel with a bungalow ut Totta, but makes lieadquarters at Karachi during the hot season. The. Kotri Taluka and the Manjhand and Kolustan Mahals, comprising the Kotri Sub-division, are under o Deputy Collector who has his headquarters at Kotri. Fach of the Assistant Collectors atid Deputy Collectors is President of the Taluka Local Boards in his charge, while the Acsistant C: r, Tatta, is Preailont of the Totta and Keti Bandar Municipalities, and the Deputy Collector, Kotri, | President of the Kotri md Manjhand ones, ee revenue work af Karachi City is performed by a Gity Deputy Collector, whilst the City Magistrate is Bub- divisional gistrate for Karachi. Both work directly under the Collector and District Magistrate. The Colleotor is in addition to his other dtuties ex pesto Superintendent of Stamps for the province. 2 PLACES OF INTEREST. CHAPTER X¥ OF * A" VOLUME. Bhiambor is the local name of mound of ruins on a low | rock elevation situated on the north of Mirpur Sakro, and about a quarter of « mile to the left of the road to Karachi. The remaina of o fort, with walls and Lastions, are distinctly traceable, and irom Nei the heaps of broken bricks ofd coins have frequent! picked Gee ceasteanialiy » No collection, of them: ay NC | y made. Pronk the saeana) ext. old daz , Prone ‘in the north, holding nip teti water asst nz o inke. As the Gharo creek the most wests seating’ of the Indus, it is probably the oldest and seems more likely than any other to have been the ane down which Nearclius pailed. This also gives an aa af probability to the hypothesis that Bhambor, and not Tatta, nor any vf the other places that have been suggested, was the great Hindu town known aa Debal, which wus the first object of attack when Muhammad Kasim invaded Sind, But there is not roon. on the site for a town of any yize and no d tion in whieh it could have extended. Bhambor is sald to have been destroyed by an earthytake at the same time as Brahmanabad, ic, about the middle of the Sth century according to the Tubfat-ul-kiram. Sasui, the heroine af the romance of Sasuiand Punhun (“ A” Volume, fee the ¥ adeptod daughter of a washernian of Bham Dharaja. See Lahoribandar, Gharo if 2 Ne 28 Mirpur Sakro Taluka, sitiinted a small creek between atte Gharo, war station. and Mirpur - seven tiles distant fre eae contains a xing oopearan Vernucular School, Post Office and | A bridge of four arches, built in 1860, spans the creek a little to the enst of tht village. FU rw digedaje pent post. on the route from Karachi to Tatta and Hyderabad, bouts reaching it xh the creek from Ghizri Bantlar in less than 2¢ hours. The creek fid RARACTT DETHCT. wos lo for vessela of 18 bharera os far an the town. lt iz stil Soieaaiile to small boats-at high tide. Jam Tamachi-ji-mari, the palace of Jam Yona “er teresting ruin aittiate:| on ™ er. at the north end of the Sonahri Dhand, near Hillava in Tatta Taluka. The Jam Tamiachi referred fo waa the second of that name and apparently the sixth in the siiccession of the Sama rulers (see “ A Vole, paye 08). He Se for thirteen years in the second half of the 14th centy He fell in love with o fisher maid, Nuralii the daughter of G. who fished in the Kinjhor luke be w the hill on which the mart stands, anil » her hia queen ( (i.¢., one of them), The story is told in one of the popoles songs of Abdul Latif, They ‘eppent to have died atta, fort two humble tomba are. ted as theira to this duy at the north end of the Makli hile near the mausoleum of Sheikh Himad Jamali, Jerruck ey oe 3 north lotitude and 6s” Is" “oan t longitude), a town in the Kotn = Taluka, is situated cluse to the Indus, at an elevation above it of 150 feet, on the range of lime- _ stone lulls that runs along its mght bank south of Kotri. From its situation, commanding “the river aa well av the roads from Karachi amd Tatia, it was considered 1» position of some iam by Sir Charles Napiar, who made it a ee anes wi iy i a it Was un outpost. garrisoned sepoys. Jt was alev the headquartera - othe the Deput Deputy Gilet fi now containf an Assistant Collector's bungalow, two musafirkhanas, u Vernacular Sel Post Oifice and Dispensary. For many years it Role ary Station. t had «a Municipality, i@hed im (878. Ona hill to the north ot the Roe road and clove to the town is the yrave of an rar yma pa tai ED Uh walheusie’y eas mected by ‘toad, with Tatta, Kotn ous On a flat hill situated in Deh Shekhani of Mating, wih utr ft ear any nn the atta ‘Tauka, abort 300 yards to.the ut of the rad a { rom Jerk 40 Tata, ad aot nies tom, Joma rere he remains of a Buddhist town. The 6 hasement of a°stupa, about 80 feeb each way and abot | ¢ tek High, io 24 there. ‘The fallen ew uoture | heen removed and piled up ail round. ft was here that Mr. W. Cole, onoe Collector of Customs im Karachi, fourl some Buddhist bricka which were aftarwgriia ited in the Karachi Museum and subsequently allowed to. disappeur. Ae they and any record that may have accompanied ther are lust, the fallowing account of f ir finding may be quoted from Sir R. Burton : —" Mr. W. Cole, when De ity Calivctar, i? a char De viait, a large fine ined bre whitch , am miloced him ie 7 mount. Presently he came avon the top of a. wall, and having olenred it down ta the level of the hill surfaoe, he opened @ building aliout 851 foet square. The material was of bricks, each 15) by 04 anil 2} inches : the courses were Jaid without other coment than the fine mud of the Indus, mixed with some fibrous sul stance. The base showed a hold mentldim cane at intervals of six feet appeared square projections, as asters, The potteries were in great variety: some 05) 4 and others cut when the olay was.soft ; most of the human figures were defaced, but the iconoclast had not taken the trouble: to ah re tho gens abet she iyce = in beepers ne The lave To about t eé, but consider it the sonalna of a ‘ler Kot,” ie, heathen fort, and it is sometimes called by them “Kot Raja Maji Rae.” The hill cannot be mistaken, as it is detached from ihe others, anil from its flat mummit a splendid view of forest, hill anil river is obtumed. Good felt (tal) made in Jerniek. Jhimpir, o vies ee near the railway station The inven aime ime, contains at Jhleepir. Shiva aha an annual fair aibastal about 80) Hindus is Kell in February. At « distance: two and «a helf miles from it to the east is the elome dl Amir Pir, which, although of no urchiteotural interest, dates back to the eurly Mahomedan time, The munsqlenm of the sunt is built on a hold cliff creaking the Sonahri Dhand, which, when jomed to those of ijhar lake, forma one of the most beautiful sheets of water to be seen in Sind, bounded as it is b distant red hills and forests. The skint i not, however, baried ied in the mansoleum, but in a houses Ai KARACHI] DISTRICT. deap cave poo oF Patines eee lead down, first into a court o oc iigrims during the annual fairs, then into 0 sroaltarocmityand shaded by willow trees, which is kept scrupulously saored, and then into the inner loom of the cave. An annual fairis held and is attended by about 1,500 people. There iz « house on the rock built for the accommodation of His Highness the Agha Khan, the spiritual head of the Khoja sect, and a number of other belonging to headmen of the community, who reside in Karachi, Mirpur Bathoro, Hyderahad and other places in Sind. The connection of the Khojas with this dates from the time of the British conquest, ehortly before which the grandfather of the present Agha Khon came te Sind from Persia. Sir Charles Nupier appointed him te command the Camel Corps which he judd vert and which was stationed at Jerruck, Some of his ings, however. gave offence to the Baluchia who cteonten and drove him out of the place, The colony of ao remamed, bit thoy have boen for the most part ruined and their lands absorbed by the newhbourme zammdars Jhok ts a «mall village on the banks of the Mulchand canal, between Mirpur Bathoro and Fhok. Shrine of Shah Buti: Tt is -seven eatis distant from Mirpur Bathoro. [t contains a shrine of one Shah Inayatullah, which con- sata of a domed tomb faced with encaustic tiles and inscribed with Arabio sorolls of the holy names: A mosque adjoins it and the buildings stand man extensive compound: Shah aoe tullah was a Sufi and | 18. reverenced th iout Sind named Sar Tay Sufan, “ Crowned Heal of Sufia,” anil farice tlashkan, * Leader of all Lovers.” He was born at Miranpur, a village which 4s a mile distant from Jhok; m 1660 A.D., and ie said to have beon under the instruction of ene Abdul Malik, t-grandson of Pir Dastgir af at as | salt which. mate waa awarded a éword, a cap and red apparel, | serrate ep athe e hewitt | Mutted to instruct disc en He mude so many. es, both among Hirtdus Mustaulmans, thot the Saivids of Bulri grew jealous of him and got the Governor of Tatts to sent tat to the Ernyie at Delhi which sulted in Nur Muhammad Kalhorn being commiuiset ta destroy hum. The latter anccestingly besieged Jhok with is large force, but Shah Inayat’s fairs were boo atrong for him: ao he made peace and gained his end afterwards by wscacsinetion in 1717 AD. (" Tulfat-ul-kiram”). The saints head was forwarded, socording to: the local tradition, to Dell\i, roviting poems on the way. An annual fair ie held it the shrine on the 17th day of Safar and laste for three days and is attended by abaut 1,500 people. Karachi Heemnanly apelt Kurrachee), situated im 24° 6) the hendquurter town af the Karachi District avd the capital af Sind, the sent of Government and of the chief court of judicature, and the headquarters of the Rarach| Brigade and ali of those heads of civil departments whose urisdivtion extends over the whole provinees, Beaidles being the official Civil and military. centre of the proved Karachi is the third port of India in order of commerenm si ae ea volume al trade inferior only to that of Calcutta and Bombay. The firme represented on the Chamber of Commerce numbered 56 in 1916, In addition to local hutises there are numerous agencies of merchants and traders doing business at Lahore, Delhi and other towns. Finally Karachi ia both the nearest port in India to Europe and the neurest’ muritime terminus of the whole syetem of rail- ways thot serve Sind, British Baluchistan, tho Punjil and the north-west of India, and ite hurbour pre- sents exceptional fycilities for the shipment and lund of goods and for the embarkation and disumbarkation af passengers and troops. These conditions have brought together a very heterogeneous population of 161,903, is eniimerated at the census of 1911. The tmounicipal limita which extend from Clifton and Ghisti on the one aide to the Maurypur Salt Works on the other enclose an area of about seventy Syuure nilles, The present position of Karachi will be better at aan after a brief review of ite history, —— It has been confidently ilentified with ——< Alexander's Haven ond much inge niity has been expended in efforts to trace Krokala, Eiros, Bibacta and other places mentioned by Nearchus; but anyone, Who hae observed the evidences af every recent geoession of the sea at Clifton and Ghieri-and of the rapid on Ll @ r = | i to believe that 22 centuries have. probably altered the whole tof the coast beyond all possibility of recog nition. However that may be, it does not appear that there ever was p town on the mite of Kurachi, or any- where near it, until two cerfturies ago ; for, with the excep- tim of o ‘haven, which is the only one hebrrecti Makran and Cuteh, it lacks all the natural advantages that conduce to flie rise of cities. The trade of Smid suet one af the commercial towns which succeeded eavh other on the ever-changing montle of the Indva, while that of Balu-. chistan came down to port formed by Qape Monza and the Habb river, But when the latter began to alt up ~ #o that large vessels could no longer enter it, the wealthy Iintin nierchanta of the place began to cast about for u now settlement and fixed on a baok-water called Kalachi Kun, to whieh the sea found entrance over « bar known 4s Nawa Nur, near to the island of Baba in the present Karachi harbour. The present entrance to the hurhour was at thot time blocked by a rocky reef extending from Muanora to the Oyster Rocks, which haa ainve crumbled away, Sueh the stery told by Seth Naomal, a descendant of one of_ these Hindu merchanta, in a manuscript farnily history which ia still in the possession af hix grandson Rao Bahadur Alumal Trikamdas. Other local secounts citer slightly, Boros eon ence fica Ot wate town onlled ake one lagoon some tiles west, al i, from high it moved eastward on the silting up of the passage from the seu. In either case we know that the new settlers put themselves tinder the protection of the Jam of the Jokliias, who was the recognized blackmuiler uiuirdion of the trade routes, eer eons and grail sucked away the trade of the peri Subsequently thes furtified their town with walls of ma and pected bei aml motmnt- thereon some piece it from Muskat, nl it be Flash (or Karachi ot, ot ad to the Khan ‘of ‘Kalat, to whom it had been given “by the Kalhoras as blood-m money for one of hin brothers dam by them in battle, but Ali Fateh Khan, the first fie ef the Talpurs, cast a covetous eye on it. ‘Twice he sent mot Gite ellen totake it; but the Hindu merchants collected their client and dependents landed marines from —s wt LT . ee | | lr fh] was made in 1796, the Kh Kalat, being in difficulties Nimoelf aid eanable to help ee they : Lami, boing offered honouralile terma, surrendered. The Mire put’ a Governor in command, but treated the ‘merchants most considerately and fostered the trade, which brought: them an annus! revenue of nearly a lakh of rupees (in 1838 it was estimated at a lakh and a half), In 1797 they built: o fort con Manora a 4 defence againat attack by sea. It was from this fort that fire wai opmed on the 88, * Wellesley,” which was entering the harbour with the “ resorve force ” which the comluct of the Mira had made it advisable to nf Laat gr seana's erry panied eal h0 Kabul." a. the shabby walls, and Rear-Admiral Maithan Brigadier Valiant, took possession af the fort and alsa ‘of the oon of Karachi on February 7th, 1830, but plodged them selves to hold the persons and property of the inhubitants wavrel and not to interfere with the government of the town. British troops were landed and encamped about two miles from the walla, and so mattera remamed until the battle of Migni. A vitor m 1641 wrote afterwards’: “ Kurachee was the residence of many ladies whose hushonda i required them to penetrate further into = nyt that there wae o larger society than is g lw t raat with at an outetation. Monday and tag e" were the gay times, The band of H. MW a dist played an onthe parade ground and the beauty and fashion of Kurachee were acen aasembling in groups.” This was the birth of Karachi Cantonment anil to this period belongs the interest- ing old burial ground on the Bunder Road. Tho native town, a3 it was in 1857, is thus described by Sir Hichard Burton: “The town is o masa of Jow mud hovels and high mud houses, with flat mud roofs, windowless mud walls and numerous mud ventilators, surrounded by a tumble down rc of mud built opon a low platform of mud" covered This is the citadel : it fines off into straggling suburbe below , extending far northwards. “The dark narrow ulleva, through which nothing bulkier than a jackass can pass with ele, oast no common sewer.” ‘There were BSS Fy aman op seeder pe aa nepal y= foragt for > ealate ‘ a . ee s ba Gi RARACH) DISTRICT, two jrates—the Kara darwaza facing the sea, and the Mitha darwaza leading to the Lyari and sweet water -wella, In front of the former a spit of dry den a extended to the Customs House.and white mosque, to which + era were lroughit in canoes at high water from vessels anchored at Kiamari. When Sir Charles Napier transferred the saut of Govern: tment from Elyderabed to Karachi, the place began to develop. The histories of the trade, the Port, the Munici- pality and other institutions, which make up the story of the growth of Karwehi during the seventy years since, are given in their appropriate places. The ‘firet object = aes specrity Me “ tra- iil valler approa ti from the més wee s the rocky headland ot Mans, 100 oot with the ithouse, Observatory, little Mnglinh th andl many other buildings. It is now 1 Cantonment, sooupied by ory Koval Garrison scree in chargé of the fiarbour defences, The Indo-Europeun Telegraph las lao ite Cable Factory and a considerable settlement here, and ip is the residence of the Port Officer and other officials of the Port Trust, imelading the Pilot establishment. The tomb of a wonder-workmg Pir, who was buried. here, attracta crowds to an anmual fair, and Hinduism is aleo repre sented by a conspicuous, but not ancient, temple, Manora is self-contained, has its own Church (St. Paul's, conse crated in 1865), school, library, billiard room, tennis courts, Opposite Manora and forming the other side of the entrance to the harbour is the Kiamari groyne, 8,300 feet long. Beyond it are the wharves, and the settlement known, us Kiamari. The road leads direct from the bout basin bo Karachi. & landing, ia Pe first mPa pee te the the pres ‘thden ure deacribe 86 belont. Farther fe aoe Bachubai Taal ‘eo apie, ep partes & Muntorpality Western Railway and Port Trust; then the McHinct : aul by the Part Trust in 1004 ata coat of Rs’ 30,833. The nucleus of this amount. was a sum of Rs. 11,109 raised by subscription to commemorate the late Mr. Alexaniler h Memorial Seamen's Rest, — i a rT PLACES OF INTEREST. Gl Molfinch, C.K, ww well known Karachi merchant and pub man, To this his the Port ‘Trust. added Saspreniy uml cba 4,000, the Chamber of Commerce and individan! acu _ 0 Sobor BBM ines, Geertinent Ba Si0t Tho = Port 'Trant- and Fall the Church of Karhchi are repre. vented. it provides : dt te for seamen. of all classes and creeds-and alac lowe, a8 far as that reduce at this Port, At the Seamen's Rest the road leaves Kiamari Jeland, ~ the limitx« of which have been pact i: Gheoured by reclamation, and rina: “ig Mole, cn the left side of which, ers a cis the ‘ stands i monument to Bir Charlns Navi The a beaten nionument was an obelisk on a 5 edestnl, ak 19 feet high, built of ill-dressed stone and side the following macription :— + From this spot on the Lat December 1847 was fired the farewell salute to His Exoollency Lioutenant-General Sir Charles Napier, G.C_B., on his retirement from the Governorship of Sind, : the extreme Le to which at ose late oh carriages ever passe along this hunder,a work planned and executed under the Government of Hie Excellency ond was just con om st the date of his departure from this: Provinee. Enecren 185%, Rewtmr 1901." . ghee hog rounded mn concealed hy plague sheds: t however, were removed and the monu- ment exposed to view. hy of fn eject, and ma 1018. ta nized to | ataesly eee of its wabject, and in 1912 Port Trust at ita own expanse a hat Aberdeen dbelisk with the words * Sir Charles Napier G.0B., Ervcnweiel Bind “ on the face ticatang road, and helow these words have been meserted the otiginal er tien which has heen qnoted above, At the end of ext Tong, which was built in 1865 to span he cutting mode supplies the place of a Sailors’ | Molo, after passing over the w-pile bridge 1,200. continues its course of the left of the tower. Betwee and the Lyari river, hall a mile further tothe let, fies the 62 KARACHI DISTRICT, through the Mole that the creek i ain the Needs: the main land ia reached, The 1 octeds oVer m handsome stone mason Eis ‘brdtge 1,540 feet 3 in Cuan a bedeath which the mnilway ] bridge was opened m A Lit » His Excellency the Viceroy, Lord Hardinge, pry setae: ster him, Ite construction and the diversion of the ruil way necessitated the removal of the old Port Trost (Hiice on the left of the road as one crogsed the bridge over the eroek from Kiamari, ancl the old Customs House, which spanned the road on five arches. To the left of the Hardt Bridge now stands the new Port Trust Offices, the hantl: somes ind toost imposing building in Karachi, bnilt at a _oost of Ra. 8,00,000 and opened in January 1016, Beyond it-and plysically contignous, the new Customs House is im course of constraction. A short cistan _ wags 14 eee Clock at ower, 4 fine memorial ra y public ooriaatahadhcenmi tata ek on to a former Cctiuniontintal mt nieipal [to a as “= “hate a. ached sae Tit ag ee who sign t many other public buildings in Karachi It is im the middle, , ihite ols of Gothic architecture and has the form of an Eleanor cross. Standing ona basement 44 feet square, it rises to a heiglit af 102:feet and carries, at an elevation of 70 foet, a vlook with four faces, exch 7 feet in diameter. The large bell, whieh strikea the houra, weighs 3 owt. and the amualler aaa the quarters, 1 owt. ach. The foundation atone wae liicdd by Sir James Fergus 1884, and the completed structs was cy ened to the publ aid niade over to tha Mun pality by Evan James in 1892. The total cost re ‘ structure and clock waa Hts. 37,178: ~The Merewether Sees as rouh The by tr t eLeod Road, named carretera BE iu hoon Of a public epiited. Golletoe of Customs of Sir Bartle Frere's time. The Bunder Road Old "Town af Karachi, deprived, of its wall and much by sanitation and other imovations, but still x many af the old allevs-to which Sit Richard Bartow alluded? en _~. 4 Between the Bumder and Mcleod Reads, about half a tile behind the Clock Tove, was the old Kufila Serai, now absorbed in the Sind Madressnh, where the real caravans from Khorassan used to put up, . eS ss —_ = ° © i PLACES OF INTEREST, ab have a combmed capacity of six 1 gallons 1913 a new reservoir, known as the § Sydenham Ri i Wai constructed to contam another ex. million gallons. With this addition to the storage capacity it haw become possible ‘fluctuations of the demand, and at the present time the water problem of the town is not partioulariy Acute. Of the public bmiidinga and ploces referred to above e described elsewhere, the tole and colleges for example in connection with Education and hospitals in : hapter on aie Some remain to be notiwed. S ocane cog gee es "ietaria Government House to the entrance to Holy ‘Trinity hock There ure five other entrances. The House, which atunde in 40 acres of ground, was built hy Sir Charles Napier, and was in lis time a plain angle-storiod building. On Bir Charles Napier’s retirement it waa purchased by Goverti- ment a5 residents for the Commissioner in Smd, and has remained so eves since. General Jacob, when ‘acting fas . mer in 1850, added the upper story to tho Scotia! block of the house, doubtless in imitstion of the w of his own house at Javobabsd. Sincé then no ig atrie- tural alterations have been carried out, though constant iL Romer are made to modernize the house. In 1906 in anticipation of the visit of Their Royal Highnesses the Prince aah Princess of Wales a conyplete matallation of electric light and fans was fitted. A marble tablet on the porch in front of the house revords the fact that the House “wae built and ocetpied by Sir Charles Napier, Caress and Governor of Sind.’ The historical character of the house 1 further emphasized an PB possession of portraite of Sir Charles Nay Commissioners, and other distingnislied men w a gerved in Sind, such os Sir Joiies Outram, General Jacob, Sir Menry Green, ote. A anil] library of interesting and valuable books on the listary of Sind was started by a former Commissioner, Sir Byan Janes. The Frere Hall is by its situation and character the mest notable building in Karachi and rere Stall aod the would be beautiful but fer ite ineon- fo | gruotts excrestencés, in Gotagonal tower crowned with an iron cage, und an _ 70 KARACHI DISTRICT. ~ neute rool spirelet, coated with Muntz’s metal, The incep- tion of this Hall was a meeting held to devise means of com- moemorating the long and brilliant administration of Sir Burtle Frere when he wascalled to the Viceroy’s Council im 1859, Asumof Rs. 28,500 was raised by subscription and désigns for a public hall were invited: Out of twelve sent in, one by Lieutenunt-Colonel St. Clair Wilson wae chose, and the building was commenced in 1863. Tt was opened in 1885, though not then quite complete, by Mr. Mansfield, the Commissioner of the day. The total cost of at. came to about Rs. 1/80,000, of which Government contributed Ra. 10,000 and the sting in gee the balance. The Hall is im the Venetian Gothic style and is built of the fxmiliar yellowish Kurachi limestone, relieved very effec: tively hy white oolite quarried near Bholuri south of Kotri and red and grey sandstones from Jungshali., ‘The columns und arches of the wide verandahs are exceedingly graceful and) the whole detail pleasing, but the tower and spirelet ‘harmonize neither with the bedy of the building mor with each other. The apex of the spirelet is, 144 feot above ground level, From the porch on the east side a double staircase Jeads wp direstly to a fine hall in the upper. storey, 70 feet long by 35 in width and 38 in height, This is the “Town Hall” of Karachi for public meetings, lectures, halls, ccmverts atid dramatic entertainments. It has wide verandahs on two sides and opens at the north end, by an arch into a second fine room, 83 feet by 24, which can be vised to supplement the main hall and accommodate & stage ot platform. On the ground floor there ts 4 main hall equal to the ane above. The room at the end, correaponding to the second room aobove, accommodates the « Hall ‘Library, The main hall upstairs is adorned with some youd busts, among which are two of Their Majeatios King ‘Dinshaw, (LE. There are als at pees wa of Sir Churles Con cs in : , (On the west side of the Hall stands the Queen's Statue in the midst of what Js lmown fs “the Queen's Lawn,” and on the eust side is the new Statue of King Edward VITI on the responding King’s Lawn, the Hall and these two lawns = - eee |. ee og” in March 1906. The : : treated architectural ae ee with statues of bronze the base, and crowned with a caloseal white marble Shane of the Queen-Empress, wearing « widow's veil and the impe- rial crown and robes of state, and holding m her hand the sceptre and the orb, The principal erie. dustin at the foot of the pedestal represents Indis appr and Peawve. On one side is a lion, on the LES tiger, with heads erect, guanding the monumer ‘At the rear the river Inilus is symbolized. by a woman carrying an urn and pouring walter on the thirsty soil. The ap abet Ho Nhe eae SENS Vietorin Rowd is: | broad flight of steps of Carrara marble. The Statue of King Edward in also by Sir Hameo Thaor- nevoroft, R. A., and.was unveiled by His Excellaney Lord Willington, Governor of Bombay, im January 1916. The following description of it is taken from pamplilet prepared by the Chairman of the Statne Committee at the time of ite unveiling :— “The classically treated architectural pedestal is of white murble standing on hase of grey granite. “ The pevestal is crowned with « colossal white marble Statue of the late King-Kinperor Edward VII wearmg me coronation robes of the King of England, and holii his hands the sceptre and the orb upon the orb stant winged figure af Victory in white marble. “The ap in bronze at sha feet of the pedestal represents Bit ritannia with the helmet, shield and trident, wreathed with leaves and protecting an Indian child. “The group in: branze at the back of the statue spre. annts Peace, "winged female figure bending shyhthy over ‘an Indian child. “On the rig t hand stands a bronze figure of heroto size, representing s Britieh sokdier of the York ond Lancaster Regiment stain at ease, his rifle with fixed hayonet in his hands, On the left hand aide of the statue stands « sali figure of an Indian soldier of the 120th D. CO. Bali "2 KARACHI DisTRict. This hall, which is situated on tie cegisarTaagas was ar : erected in 1886 to honour the memory Max Dense Hal ft 4 citizen who had been prominent in many ways and occupied the chair of the Chamber of Commerce in 1870-71. The snm of Rs. 9,000 having been subscribed by his friends, the Municipality gave au site and supplied the additional funds necessary to pro- vide that part of the town with a public hall, reading room and library, The design waa prepared by Mr, J, Stra- chan; The atyle is) Venetian Gothic. The upper - storey consists mainly 3 sce petra iy mtended to seat “sh » Fhe | floor cat yori Nh hall, reading Too some small rooms. On the east font, there Wan Siewiinatint clock, the gift of Rao Sahib Hamdaa Morarji. The Ghulam 5 cyngor ee ngsarciene Khaltidin Tod, Was the T t a ooalition wag between the executors of the Inte Mr, Sone Hussein Khalikdina, who had left by will Rs. 18,000 ent on some useful public object, the Committee ofthe ative General Library, who were badly im need of new : and the Municipality. The pent es cage ts, 15,000 to the bequest and the hall was-erected cy 1908. It consists of one apacious hall for public nthe and two rooms flanking the entrance, which are, accord: mg to agreement, Sane ut the dieposal of the Comunittee of the Native General Lib rary. The hall ia 70 feet in length by 45 in width and 30 in height and ia capable of seating ‘af fest by 22} ond a The front: portico has an area of feet by 32) and a ten- -foot verandah runs round the | of the | The 5 belongs to, and is munin- csiged by, the Municipality ‘Other large bulls pralable for ublic mee ate the Goa-Port ee Hall. in nee Street Sait the Grammar School, and 7 Sind Volunteer Rifles and é eors, the former wt the | gel | : | | the latter on Victoria Road opposite the Scateh ‘Church. The first named hall belongs to the Gou-Portnguese Association and has taken the place of an earlier hull, = Vie . PLACES OF tNTHREST. 78 the proveeds of which helped towards the building am ree af the money required wna tnised hy the | tion from ifs own resources. ‘The total wae Re. 36,000, aL which) Bk. 6,000 were, pai for stm sit The building mle a ate Mr, M. Samnke, Inca! perro it e-same plan as the Frere Hall, and | on almost the dimensions of its rooms are nearly the same. The Sind Club occupies a ‘inuous position m Victoria Road to north side of the saat Frere Hall. tt was: origins lly housed in a small bungalow in Elphinstone Street, but in 1883 was pemoved to lig geeye meses The main building was built entirely hmestone in the Italian style. A ae! building fpr eden a two-storial block of chambers wae erected m 1889. In 1882four chambers were built over the amoking room. In 104 the third block was i and finally on the acquisition of the site of the Masoni Lodge adjucent to it a new block containing 9 sets of cham- bers was erected in 1916. ‘The club contams the wal accommodation and arrangements, and there is in the compound a racket court. The gymkhana 1s steer Pomt eee aml lias ~ : oooupied ites present buildings (with Marathi Gymkbers- = subsequent enlatgeniénts) since 1886. Tt ie the lineal descendant of the meeting place near the rifle range where the European population of Karachi neal to mect in the early days of the conquest and which recived the name of Scandal Pomt. The road lending to it i also known ax Scandal Point, Road, There are numerous gther clubs the intsra a aenok tims in. Karachi, = bemg Other Cet ete Karachi Cinb in Kachest Road, the Parsi Gymkhana, the Railway Tnatitute and the Karac Artillery Volunteer Chib, The original Masonic Hall stood on 1 site to the north of and adjacent pdersiquetendss A few cars by an . Masoole Hall. the lodge Sid ‘iercith the bios was tesumed by Goverinant: and made over to the club on lease for an extension of its | a i iais—io The lodge was in exchange granted u site between. — 74 KARACHI DISTRICT. Government Honse and the Artillery Lines, and a new - teniple was vance y ee of Rs. ots = Lage Hop in L914. The origmal lodge m is ge i. founded in 1842. Thera are at the barron time eight | lodges, all of which hold regular m To the weat. of the new | sant ths buildings of the = we ve tile thie Y-LO.A. The branch was founded im 1905, and carned on its work in hired premises until 1914, when ita permanent buildings were erected. Standing im an excellent site they have -cost Rs, 67 500, ren yartly by subscriptions from Karachi and abroad, partly by a Government grant, and partly by « grant from the Sational Council, The buildimgs contain general rooms and «a gymmasmm on the ground floor hostel ascommodation for eighteen persons up atairs. iphiewade Kern nerve of land foe vames, ate murrednel- ing them. Holy Trinity Church, the first Protestant church built im Bind, stands In a compound of Holy Triaky Churek. 1 acres between Victoria’ K ancl Elphinstone Street and opposite the main entrance to Governinent House. It waa one of the first works set on al the Mr. (Sir Bartle) Frere after his arrival in Sind and hie e nag stone oa Oth September 1852. It is rey, the Reverende W. K. Fletcher aril ww Pa sai the | oinmissioner at the entrance to the ohurch square. The Senior Chaplain, thor in the name of the community, requested the Commissioner to Tay the stone. On his assent bemg received Lpeeyers were recited and the Junior Chaplain then proceeded to read the macrip- tion « on the foundation stone.” The names of the coins be depatited in the atoné wore then read out, alter which . = . The aan was ‘ oinmtorabea in March 1856 by the _ Bishop of Bombay. IS CORN OF Hea Dele ine ae Ree Ae without the furnishings which rmitodt about Ra. 10,700 and the two bells which ich cost ‘Rs. 1,580. The SEO. Woe See peemeaes. URE TSG the coat of it (Ra. 7,000) PLACES OF INTEREST. was met by private subscriptions. The presen also paid for by public subscription im 1906. | ‘The church was. cote by, Captain John Hill of the Bombay Engineers, Sir Richard Burton conn et He tower of only 115 H img the shore, for which there doea not appear to be any foundation excepting the difficulty of accounting for it in any other way, In 1904 the two uppermost of the six storeys of which it consisted were removed for reasons of safety, and this somewhat improved the whole stravtiure architecturally: ‘The church, is not oriented, but les nortli- west to south-east, probably to catch the prevailing breeze. Thore are $00 sittings, all free, but allotted at parade service. There was an interesting memorial window to Sir Uharles Napier high up in the east wall (see page 145, “a * Volume) but it was blown to pieces by the cyolime of 1002, Another window, erected in 1881, by Mr. F. D. Melville, Commum- sicner in Sind, to the memory of his wife, survived the storm. There are numerous brasses, of which one, dedicated to the memory of three children of Captam Minter m 1842, must have been affixed originally in the oll bungalow to which Sir Charles Napier referred as “ an ecclesiastical convenience’ long before the church was built. Seven in officers and: privates of H. M.'s 22ud Regiment, “ to thusir fellow-soldiers who died from the effecta of climate during their firat tour of service in Sind im 1842-43." This origi- nally stood in the grounicts of Government House, but was To the north-east of the church, a bungalow for the chaplain haa recently been built by Government. South- A. 70 KARACH] DISTRICT. east: of the church stands the Howard Inatiiute, founded by the Reverend A. B. Howard, but not finished until after his death. His portrait hangs in it and there ts a brass tablet to his memory in the church. The matitate contains i library and refreshment, billiard and readmg rooms, hesides a hall for meetings and entertamments, the cost | ing which (Rs. 10,000 in all) was entirely raised by wivate effort. ‘The institute is imtended for the parish- joners and members of the church and is much used by the soldiers in garrison, This is a one-storeyed bungalow in Victoria Road for Abie! tisk the residence of widows and is m the | . charge of the chaphin, Four widows receive Rs, 15 per mensent, two others Rs, 5, and a Govern- ment grant of Rs_.17 is made towards the mamtenance ol a military widow. Apart from these grants the home is entirely éupported by voluntary contributions. The Seoteh ee on oo iti also between jwhoria anil linstone Streep, epee but more than half a mile north of Holy Trinity Church. It is close to the traffic of oe ‘Bazsar, but effectually secluded by its well-wooded | of 2 acres from which ita graceful spire, rismg to a height of 185 feet, commands ‘attention from a great distance. This : pleasing building, designed by Mr. T. G. Newnliam of the Sind Railway in the Gothie style of the 14th century. It comsiats of a nave, 100 feet long 58 feet wide and 56 feet high to the ridge of roof, which is separated from the aisles by srcades, above which are clerestory windows, ten on each side. There is fine rose-window, 18 feet m diameter, wt the scrath end, and a» five-light- window, with a head of reometrical tracery, cm the ite side, The church is _by an ectagnal porch at the south corner, near - which is the tower and le. "We ia’planmed 40 scootte “modate 400. w: i¢ cost of the buildmg was Ra. 56,300, of which Shyetintienk contributed Rs, 25,000, The foundation stone of this church waa laid on fth February 1867 by ‘Sir Robert Napier, K-C.B., Commander-m-Chief mm Li — aisd 1b Wee cyanea tty: Civier sens ou ieeot day of 1806 though it was not dedicated until i - ee | ll Se ed ——— | Bb . ee Pe bet Hes an unpretentious rire ing, erected in 1876 and capable of seating 200 persons. Tho Roman Catholic ee i one eae group hie Ms : substantia) boildings which attest the ——— Churek- importance of the Roman Catholic Community of Karachi. They ure situated in the plain east of the Sadar Bazaar and north of the Napier barracks, embow- ere] in w large and shady garden, which hides them from “sew fo some extent: but the broad front of the church, with its two corner spires, stands ont and commands atten- tion, The place has some historical mterest. Close to the south compound wall, and adjoining the old cemetery, described below, was built, in 1645, St, Patrick's Church, the first Christian Church in Sind, with the exception of tlie ure mentioned in the article on Tatta, of which nothing is known. This little church has long disappeared and the site of it is now. occupied by a play-ground for the girls af the Convent School; but three memorials of it are care- fully ‘preserved. ‘The first is a brass tablet, mecribed as follows -— | hits ring hearse ei to St. Patrick and the first Christian temple m Pagan Soimdo, was. erentedd Anno Domim 1845, by subseriptions and demations from the Roman Catholic Officers, non-commusasioned officers and soliliera, depart- ments, classes and individuals, aided by the donations of many of our Protestant brethren. “The Reverend Francis Casabosch, Chaplam, +“ Be it known unto all men. That all ight to, and property in,and belongmg to this Church, is vested im, and te Sealab wae unto the Chaplain (in trust for the use of all Christians) and his successors In communion with the Holy Roman Catholic Church, but ander the control of the Bishop of Bombay, wnti] auch time as « Roman Catholic Bishop. shall be for this portion of the Britieh Enrpire, and no 78 KANACHT DISTRICT. longer; but this Church is mever to be given over ii any manner whitsoever to Government. The Rev. F. Casaboevh, Chaplam. | Major J, Creagh, H. M.’e 86th Regi- Assistant Surgeon J. Coghlan, H- M.'s \ Sth Regiment. jee W. Smith, H. Mo's 86th Committee .. Collector and} Regiment. Treasurer, ) H.0.. mg Engraver, et¢., Chatham, Anotlier brass tablet contains an engraved balance sheet of the building expenses, in which His Excellency the Governor of Bind pnd staff appear as contibutors of Ra, 150. The total expen ittire was only is 6,030-] 1-2. The third memorial @ a small marble tablet to the wernory of the Reverend F, Andrew, “ discalood Carmelite,” who died in 1860, 1 1881 the little church waa superseded by the present thi wrecked one, but continued to be used ‘as a school till 1t waa-w by a storm in 1886. The new church, which was designed and comatracted by three members of the Society of Jesus, Father Wagner, Brother Klover and Brother Lau. was opened in April 1881, It isin the Gothic style and measures 170 feet hy 75, and is caleuluted to accommodate 1,500 worshippers. lis exterior is not ornamental, though strikmg from a distance, but money and art have been lavished on the interior. The ceilings of both nave and aislea consist of ground vaults, and the vault of the nave is carried in one stretch front the portal, through the transept, to the peale of oy oe an arrangement which enhances the impres- acquires 4 id -impressivencss by ite ndditional height, | size statues of some artistic merit, ‘and a series of * Stations of the Crom ”’ adorn the walls, jac tie which sonar hs ‘the " Convent reaver | al ene under “Education.” The latter are eubstar and built for comfort rather than effect, laut would bey heen ple if their arrangement had not been: nat church. BE. ts Patrick's School, the ast riding’ cf f the compound and separated from the. al the watt fat teas fe to the Parsi Gymkhana. There are no private marketa im Karachi, but eight . municipal ones. The chief one i the Sars Empress Market on the Preoiy Road in the Sadar Bazaar, which was opened im March 1801. The foundation stone of it had been laid by Sir: James Fergusson nearly seven years before, bat. the: sig Brn: for want of the The building, which 1 by Mr. J. Strachan in the Domeatic ass style, consista of fear eh si fest: wide ae rouncding COUrtyAry 130 feet 100 n the frout rises ota dacaaiee tower 140 feet high, in which is Fi chiming clock with four iron skeleton dials, each 6 feeb m diameter, The market contains 280 stalls for the sale of rans vegetables, fruit, flowers and all things else suitable or an Kastern market, eave fish, which is accommodated pane The cost of the market was Rs. 155,213. The Boulton Market, which replaced an old one on the same site, stands on the left of the Bunder Road, Tt wna named in honour of Colonel Boulton, Collector of Karachi and ot that time President of the Municipality, It was dewigned by Mr. Strachan and was at first 100 fevt in gth by 86 fect, in width and contamed pesgperesth ila anil vegeta 1886-87 it was largely extended ri age 1 for butchers a fr ‘eka shgere ee total cost haa been Rs, 42,668.. The ofher marketa are the Lambert Morket, a neat little dovecate at fhe meeting of five roads not far fron the a0 KABACHI DISTRICT. Sind College, the banal So Murket' on the left bunk of the Lyari the Khudd arket, about half a mile on the other eide, where a great traffic in fresh-canght fish is carried on, and three others interesting to their own vicinities, The Victoria aes is Ligeia wpe esentati m direct descent, of th Witate Mee. and Library started by Sic Charles Napier to promote the investigation of the history and antiquities of Simi. Tt Sencar gamated with a public brary imaugurated by Sir Bartle Hrate in 1852, now the Frere F pibeary ~, The two were one jnetitution and were at firat accommodated i in a room af the Ladies’ Club and afterwards im the Frere Hall, m which they rermmed until E892. It had before then been decided to rate the Museum and provide i it with a worthy building, Mr J. Strachan designed « building . the foundation stone of which was laid inthe Burns Gat on by His Reyal High- Se ths Deke Cannaught m 1886-87, but as it-soon became apparent that the fu available for this and for the Bind Colloge, at that ‘time being ¢ i, Would not suffice for two structures of adequate d igaity an economy ‘without, aaorilice of effect was achieved h True era: ating them. and making the eee a wing of the Calle It consista of a main ae Ss i Fac nj foe feet, wit with gallery om ne on ornament] iron p rooms, afford 3,723 mquare fest fof Sic as aa The front verandah, ba and one side room have floors of mosaic tiles, The Victoria Museum wae formally opened by Sir Even James, together with the College building, on 22st May 1892. When the Museum was transferred to ite present build- ing, ita control passed to the Municipality, and the results avn heen lo some extent unfortunate, as the collection was for some time neglected with the results that cies fl Mesa exliihita hhuve been lost or cannot now be fed. ‘There is nevertheless much that is Lae value in’ the Mirseum. The most huportant of the public gardens. is the Zz ~ . en this: garden and it contams. a larg | prodicem excellent Grapee The orimin alips mas at first sitar toe ite ep Tut in 1847 W, Blenkins, Assistant 2 ae = int endent of aniefs wus | ip | : vas the Samet vetintus to the troops ab sa Na sale of aia to. ory crage to private pers oe atl the mryty. of. pigecns,..capbt abhi and « the hospital, He appende certi- ater Gs ta oftere eat tic | me bred by Major Blonicins were infinitely superior to those formerly obtained by con- tract, The garden at that time measured 43 acres and contained 14 wella. Sometime after the formation of the Karachi Muninpality the garden was handed over te its care. Afterwards it was laid out on a new plan by the lite Mr, Hl. AL Birdwood: He was associated in thie work with Mr. Finch, Uirectar of the Indo-Furopean Telegraph, and Mr. Strachan, and they proceeded, with the help of district officers und native gentlemen in all parte of the ince, to form the nucleus of a slibatiin ot vila aninials. he sandy soi! und the climate appear to be favourable to the health of these, which have thriven and m many cases bred and multiplied 69 that the Karachi Zoological Garden hns a reputation quite out of proportion to its sim and ter. Vegetables and fruits of Many kimi are grown vineyard = W which California: hy Sir E. JInmes, » former foasseerete Routh af the Zoologiwal Garden » a ane: | old ‘trees, comminly known a4 the Merewether f i the Con:missioner's Garden. Tt belongs to ih was purchased by Government in 1880 for the @ of Batara and afterwards weed as a residence oe Sulieb, brother at a former Raja of Kolhapur, After. shire A Saheb's desth it wns reserved as 4 gnest-honse for the ncoom- midation of the Mirs of Sind. Some years ago, at o lecture witty 1? his followers, whose cupidity BP KARACH? DISTHICT. hy Mr. H. M. Birdwood, read beforo the Bociety of Arts, W. Lee-Warner made an amusing reference to this panien and took to himegl aome credit: for Suvi it when he was a intmber Of the Finance Committee appomnted by Government to cut. down redundant) expenditure. One of the members was drawing his pen through « curious item in the expenditure of Sind, which no one could explaim, on account of " Mrs, Gordon's Establishment.” ‘Sir W. Lee- Warner havin been in Sind locked into the matter and found that the name was only a Bengali printer's version. of Mirs’ Garden Establishment. The garden is maintamed etill, though the bungalow collapsed a few yeurs ago, and up to the present has not been rebuilt, "The Burns Garden, on the Kacheri Road and separated from the Sind College by the Burns Road, is the memorial of a gentleman of whom histary has kept no other record. He ie commonly spoken of as Dr, Burns. The garden covers oo lt of 26°20 acres a se eA ma Astra yy well-grown trees, with flower beds and vegetable pots between ‘There is also a vinery. | There are several mmor municipal gardens. The old burial grounds contain some of the most Op authentic records of the history of wie 2... Karachi, The oldest is the one slready alluded to, on the left hand of the Bunder Road, between it and the Preedy Tank. This is the oldest Europe emetery in Sind and belongs to the time when the reserve force was encamped near the old town af Karachi before the conquest. Here is the grave of Captam Hand of the Gnd Grenadier Regiment, B. N. f., who was “ barbarously murdered by «_ of Sindhinns, 1839." The family annals: of Seth Naomal tell the story of this unfortur young officer's end. He went out from the camp ome clay for a ride in the direction of Mugger Peer, but did not return. Search was made and his body fownd in a hollow of the hills. Colonel Spiller, the officer In command of the small force, at once Ap nlied to Seth Naomal, “who cenit mut gees and traced the murder to ifa Ohokur, o 0 religious leader of Shah Bilawal, and some af rLAcrs oY INTERESY. aa ‘orkid on the: Conta’ cont, Po tele eee ut Hyderabad Mir Nur Mohammad was induced to Khalifa Chakur and send him to Karachi. He was "tne by-a military court and hanged at the scene of the murder, “which possibly gave its name to Hand's Hill, about 2 miles north-east-of the Napier barracks. Imoneéeditely after the conquest a new cemetery was opened close to the south boundary of the Convent School's componmd., Here is the graye of fp John wasp tie Napier, nephew and Military Secretary of the conque who died of pee fs on Tth Jnly 1846, and of bis ‘ntact caugeist Sarah who him by three days, Other nia of that aw if time are not wanting, One con- spicuous monument ja to the memory of 10 corporals, m . 263 privates, 35 women and #6 children, 86th Royal Reginient: Of thie mumber 261.died of cholera in Jnne and July 1846. Twonty-three sergeanta of the same corps, of whom 10 fell victims in the same fatal months, hove 2 separate monument, The latest tomb in the ceme- gi is dated 1854, though the Barrat family vault appear: ave been re-opened or a burial in 185). The next burying ground w ly was the mall OPAC Ab halla mile $0 thet tipt the ame, st present in use, contaming only 16 graves, The few mecriptions which are. still Jegibla helong to the years 1852-53. This was succeeded hy the cometery now in uxe on the Tatts Read, which water and care have converted mto an oasis of greetmess nid shade in the midst of a stony plain. The Port of Karachi is distant from Bombay 483 miles, front Aden 1,437 and from London | Karachi Fer. = cig the Suez Canal 6,077, being Europe thin Bombay by 200 miles. From pag yg a eo Gulf its distance is 1,107 ec nie eae pipe ot goa ape y i ia miles. ‘Tt as y serv: two lines of cons those of the British Steam navies Oo, which ply between Bombay and the Gulf ren 3078, Oc: SEN ES NN ee eae Fe ale MNphend oo wt the passenger a on Co. (Shep & Co,), whilst the steamers of the City, Hall, Ellerman, and Wilsot 1 wel it affordad i anfe and spacious anchora water off Kiamari, and disvha tah into doondees, by wkiah ihey were conveyed at a MAMACHIE DIMETRIOT. the pert regularly. The position af Karachi and the facilities whieh the port affords for the embarkation of troops have rendered it a place of considerable imilitary importance during the war, The harbour, na it was before the British oveupation of Sind, consisted of a great lagoon, or backwater, —_ at high water spring tides covered an area of 18 ap miles of creek ond moangroove swamp ond mud fiat. had two inlets, separated by the long, low island of Kaamari- The ‘eastern inlet was the Clhinna creek, now closed < the western being protected from the southwest monsoon by the rocky. lieadland of “Ras Minhora and from hostile Meets by the = fort anil round tower built thereon by the . ! ing partly closed by ii fe bar, or saund sand-bank, or vessela not draw- ing more then 15 or 18 fot These Iny at anchor in deap siharged their cargoes end passen- water ip a natrow channel whith penetrated the mud fist in front of the town, and so landed on o mall patch of Hsing ground “betides a white mosque built close to the Custom Honse," a4 reported by Commander T. @. Carless ‘of the Indisn Navy. ‘When the British came into possession of Karachi, its es igion importance as “the key af Sind and of the Indus,” wre apprehended at atice, ani the attention which was then directed to the great question of improvmg the ‘port has scarcely suffered interruption in the seventy years that have followed. It is only possible here to enumerate the poncipal messites which have been carried owt + es 1859 the Napier Mole, projected by Sir Charles Nap ; pleted amd Kismari connected with the "ia Taam; Ae Walker, C. 1, to whom the whole subject tt Vans eter by tho Hash tala Co many in conse rence af the earnest representations of Mr, (afterwards Si , Bartle: Frere. proposed a mervelloualy Pere = rehensive scllome, embracing six urgent works, esfi- rooted ti cout £200,000, nnd three others of less, certain necessity. Five of of these .were sanctioned in 1860, and, ale ae lias rr ei Ose -. 7 ha LACKS OF INTEMEST. Mo] 1 though alterwarda interrupted for soma years were all eventually carried oitt, namely — (1) Kiamari Groyne, running southwards from Kiamari. for a distance of 7,400 fet (extended afterward ta 8,31) feet). (2), Stoppage of Chinn Oreck, (3) Napier Mole Bridge (over a passage 1,200 fest long pow out t Sisk gt the mole), (4) New Channel (Which now conducts the flow of the : Chinna Creek under the Dt A and pst the Notive - ‘Jetty, 46 tliat, on the ebb, it joins up the wators f of t eo western backwater, the whale tidal volume thua concentrated and passing out through the basbons enbrarce), (5) Native ding —The object of the first ipur works were in Mr. Walker's own words, “ty prevent the ebbing tide from aprendt anil wasting its foree until it haa carr) the sand of the bur into deeper water | seconilly, ta the water that passes the paras ak Re at atti ebbing and flowing tides its right direction | ; | thirdly, to meres the quantity of water that - passes through the entrance ; fourthly, to ahut off thecheavy southerly and squth-weaterly seas from the mouth of the harbour.” These objects were attained in.a remarkable degr and the bar began to move rae ey While the depth of water over it ic Tho sixth of Mr, Walker's pro- posed works, the Manora Breskwater, iyesanhiig from this , Headland for 1,500 feeb and termmuting in five fathoms, wis begun in 1889 and completed in I873. In 1877 to supplement the effect of these works Government sanbtioned {page one lakh of:-rupees annually fur ten years, to be spent an dredging. In 1880 the Harbour Board was constitited, and the Merewether 8 fSgtes wae Cpampisiad in 1882. In 1886 ‘the affairs of Port were taken or ye rae ni | and this body found. itself in-possemion of the following — = —_ a f _ ‘ : at Pha ene HH KARACHI DISTRICT, facilities for accommodating steamers up to 39,000 tons burden :-— (1) Anchorage for 3 ocean-gomg steamers. (2) Moorings, fixed and swinging, for 8 ocean-going steamers. (3) The Merewether Pier accommodating one large ocean-going steamer. (4) A wharf, the Napier Mole Bost Wharf, 680, feet jan for the accommodation af the country erat le. The construction of a wharfage line,about 2,000 feet long for the accommodation of 6 ovehii-foing steame©rsa, had just been commenced. During the thirty years that have ols | since the formation of the Trust, the harbowr has cigge improved that any vessel that can pans through the Suez Canal can enter into it. ‘The followmg works now exist on the eastern sidé of the Ship Channel commencing from the south end where the eastern groyne constructed in 1863 snd 1865 (1) Bulk Oi] Pier at which liquid fuel, ail and petro- leam ix discharged by pipes direct into the mstalla- tions of the Standard Oil Co, New York Burmah. OU Co., Asiatio Petroleum (o., ‘Tank Storage Ca,, Litd., ancl Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co,, Litd,, and by* drums and tins into railway waggons. ‘This pier waa built-m 1000. (2) Boat Basin, 11 acres in oxtent, for landing and embarking pms Agere ood Gtc., from anih, | stream, with railway service and hydraulic cranes, builtin 101200 (8) Return Wharf, 985 ford lang, fos = * This wharfuge line ia divided as follows:— (a) “ Merewether" Wharf, 4 a (this was built In 1909 and the Pier was removed Wlien this straight line of wharf wus constructed), “ Jerakine " Whari, 3, shi the old Evakime Wharf, bh ii Sh, removed when the line of wharf was straight- ened in 1908, (c) “ James” Wharl, 4 ship berths, built im 1895. (cd) " Younghusband ” Wharf, 4 ship berths, built in 1007-10. (e) “ Giles" Wharf, 3 ship berths, built m 1000-07, These wharves are named after former Commus- sionera in Sind. (5) Heavy Lift Pier, one 14-ton crane (for use im connec tian with n 20-ton lloatiny crane), built m 1014. (6) Napier Mole Boat Whart, 1,524 feet in gy for county craft trade. The original length was 680 feet an before mentioned; 1 000 feet were added in 1907-00 awl 102 fect in 1014, a length of 48 feet was cut off in 1910 owing to the building of the new railway bridge across the Chinna Creek. There are thus 17 ship herths in Hine at whieh vessels can lie, discharge and load with the greatest ease and eapicity and two other ship berths well suited for the purposes they serve. There ore silso 20 moormgs in the stream for ccvan- going se and ample snchorage for imoumerable TY t Yn the year 1900 the Trust installed m the Manora Light House « new flash light of greab power at a cost of Rea. 1,15,948 in | tage af the old low power fixed light which ec inherited from the Harbour Board. In the pois 1014 Government inetulled i flush Tilit. in a new light house at pe Monte, distant 20 miles, west of Karachi, and a light- hip haa smoe been provided v eter for the mouths of the Indus, south-east of | ‘(Chinna Creek, thus enormous! 3H KARACHI! NESTHICT, to the war has not yet been used and lies at anchor m the Sais The safe approach to the Port in normal times = thus been amply provided for. " At the north of the Ship Channel jis the Native Jetty with warehouses, uted by vessels discharging and loading in the stream, etc. This was built before the Port Truat was constituted, but has been largely improved and addi- tional wureliouses built in the present century. fobaiy: ida Prast3 in HW purchased un area of 177 ncres, tidal swamp, from the Karachi Municipality, which reclaimed and constituted « Produce Yard, lmown #4 rg “Thole " yard. They have also since 1900 reclanmed an area of 61 acres and constitute] thereon the “ Mans- field " Insport Yani named after a formwr Commissioner in Bind, co pike with ample of warehouses far import cargo on the Karachi side of the Chinhe Creek. They have also since the begining of the century reclhimed about 115 acres of land between Kianiari and the y enlarging their Kiamari Railway and Produce Yards which have been reconstricted with a view to the convenience of merchants and rapidity of working: This reclamation has also completely consolidated the area between the Chinna Creek Bridge and Kiumuari to the north of the ayes Mole Road. The fdllowing figures: relating to financial years (lst April te Sist March und for every fifth year) show how the revenue and expenditure have preaeet: — ‘Year. Ft eemintt. Bapeodiiure Rea. Rs. 1887-88 » 4,038,696 611,137 1807-08 5 9,08, 822~ B07 Bal 2-08 -, 15,64,918 12.07, 706 1907-08 . §2,04,986 20,45, 278 1912-13 -, £6,87,681 38,51,615 “1816-17 _, 46,00,847 39,03,710— vk. A a i ~\ster under their own Act a8 = PLACA OF INTEREST. ab The highest revenue reached waa in 1013-24, the year before the war broke out, when it was nearly Rs. 60,00,000, Té will thus be seen that in thirty years the revenue hos ‘nereased to ten times as mmech ae when the Port Trast wis constituted and that the heavy Increases began after ~The value of the trade of the Port for cormaponding years is as follows :-~ i Yor. Iopert. | Hapert. | Tidal, Ee eee % Ra. Ka | Ks. S : 6,18,01,331| 4,08,16,877 | 10,20,78,208 isie-05 | -7,00,73,108 | 6,56,48,339 | 12,50,61,037 1807-28 _,| B,71,07,380| 7,27,20,013 | 15,98,27,003 1902-08 | 169,821,484 10,49,05,295 | 22,01,88,710 fe pe 21,66,01,881 | 11,14,26,339 | 32,90,28,220 12-13 _.| 24,90,48,370 | bAbecesntik 61,92,01,004 1H16-17 P iI th, 85,07, O22 |: : The falling off in the year 1916-17 ts ‘ive to the: rarest reduction of trade owing to war conditions, In the earlier years of the Port debs was incurred by loans frow Government, Theses were mberited by the Port Trust Board from the Harbour Board and at present only amount to Rs 4,65, 087. ‘The complete figures areas on Ist April of each year <— Tor (hiteiarding dole. IBBT-85 we L1,08,887 1807-08 Fi 42,09, 700: 1902-038 ., 6&3,/17,604 1907-08 . Bla 1912-19 . 1,95,08, 292° 1016-17 _, 2,01 21,049 The Board smce the year 1887 have mised loons m the open market under the Local abepnent in ya hp Act and — at maturity of all loans ts provided sey t ing Funds which are mamtained fly Government pany fos as 410-12 4 ele Th ys - fr i We F Pn = = B. PO RANACHT DMTRIOCT. The postion of the Trust finumpially is very strong as with a comparativ a aos debt they own an immensely valuable property m and material and have established a Reserve Fund in case of need which stood at the following fiymres for the yeare given on Ist April i— Yur. Hesere Fowl. 1 Ra, 1887-85 Oa Nil, 1892-04 Nia. 1897-08 | 2 00,000 1902-03 = 10 eM) 807-05 .. 15,00,000 1912-13 x meses But for the cabarets on of the war, a very impor extension of the harbour works, estimated to cost, Ra, 973 lakhs, would now have’been in progress. This is know! az the“ West Wharfage Scheme " and provides for the present construction of six und later on, 4% required, of ten more “berths on the western side of the Ship Channel. So far work has proareeet only to the extent of obtaining a very powerful suction dredger costing with pipe line about. aap snd the roclarnation by means t of a portion be acne whitch has been approved by Government includes the widenmg and deepening of the Ship Channel from ite present wiith of 600 fect to 1,200 feet and to a depth taking vessels drawing up to 32 feet at any state of Lor tide hie ithe al bert aot alloy vessels alongside ives en eta Bod sit ah te prt gdp of a dl SE Gomaeien overmiment and ten Trustees nomi- nated by Crmuinlesstanie- th fired ne ithe loeal. Glovers: ment, and ¥arioga looal: bodies. — ae ee PLACHS or MN TEREAT Keti Bandar sor ar simors, 67° phen i} ogi Rei tender. “Kee; Bondar Mahal and ia the chief town inthe taluka of Ghorabari. It is a municips with a population of 1,734. It is nilmimistered by 4 kari and contains the Mehalkari’s Office, Customs House, Police Station, Vernacular School, Post Office and Dispen- aary. ay is pice of very recent origi en Com- N,, surveved the Delta of the Indus in. a 1837, he found Vikkur Bandar next in importance to Karachs, but it was not» town, oly o landing place far Baree Gornh horubari), Which had adquired commer rcinl importance when the a scat of Dharaja ant Shohbander were for- auken by the ever-changing river and the Hajamro became nimost the only route by which vessels of any size cxniled pas up. Even at that tune vessela drawmg moré the 7 feet could not get up ws high as Vikkur. About ten yours later Vikkur became ina¢cesable ond trade removed 10 Kati, wpparently the name of a emall village, whith then existed. The name bas remained, but the site of the Bandar has changed, the first ite having beon submerged about ishd. Even the present site is very msecure and mock # ‘the last twelve seo L of the town lay been eroded during “The Ochito is now the main stream, the river having ite way down it, but at any time it may follow the channel of tie Haidari. Keti ts of importance now less as an entrance for merchandise: seeking the upper parte than ja an outlet for the produce of the aurroundmg country. The total value of the trade for the last five years is. ehown Emiperts, | iit ro nts | bore-td | DOLMTS. Tneartacy e La 7 Merehandi a T,7dRS6 | 16),000 | LSayeer oi, tal | Poa Tr. enure eS | ] of | Total ,.| 152073 | otto | a TET er) is | = 4 g2 KAMACHT DISTRICT. The imports consist almost entirely of miscellanoous goods from Karachi, Laports. Monts. | dikes. | amtasth, | ates, | moter, = =— " = oe’ Ha. ite is, Te | itm. Merchaniicr pe AE | SASS] SAR ASE | AAMAS | ARO | Tresaure | | Nil, | | The great artiole of export is rice, much of which is sent to Cutch and Kathiawar, The duty realized on this ‘is shown below ;— AT1-1e (MINS JON, todays, 1918-14, Re ee, he, Pus Ba. ee Oa ae le There is a substantial Customs House with quarters for the staff, which consists of an offioar in-charge and-three desis. Keti is also the headquarters of two Sea Coast Inspector of the Customs Department who patrol the creeks im boats. Kotz, a large town (25° 22° north lititude, 68° 22° “Motel east longitude) in the an i tae station of the Kotri Taluka. It has a erage omg and a ulation of 7,256. There the town the ubhtyarkur’s Office, Assistant | Sectn's bungalow, Police Station, Railway ‘Hospital, <' ja aleo a small; Library, musafirkhena, combined Post and Telegraph Office, hglo-Vernacttiar School, 2 European Schools, and a Distil- at tice: Sproat its kind in Sind, nsed for the distillation y lien: 'y sold in the | ; (Christ Church) with seats yee 100, whieh contains a font given by Mrs, (Lady) Frere in 1854 on. Com : its executed in Hala pottery ~ in 4860 and theron renovated in 1887. Kotri is situated | the x she aan. 1900 has been on the other side-of tho river a Men” Votehie pte at =” | PLACES OF INTEREST. - 92 ss Ba cr ds replacing the steam ferry which used to” ply between two places The town has road. communications te Karnchi there are: two rondd by Thano Bula Klin, und the other via Jerruck, Tatta, Gharo anti Landhi, 127 miles, A road also goes to Virah, distant 24 miles. Much of the traffic by river ling or comet ae er Fie tone of grees Ma is. quite a tomer pve. t owed ita mmportance t7 the rise of Hyderabad on tie other side of the tiver and to the roads from Schwan, Karavhi and the Delta meeting here, It greatly dneréased when it became the terminus of the Karach) Kotri Railway amd the starting ysspscen ofthe — river steamers for Sukkur and Multan. The © describes the nniniated aur bate of the river bank with the Flotilla steamers, their barges and numerous native bouts miocired close to the whore, ext either discharging. oF taking in ¢argo,” There were niles of sidimga on the banks of tho river to facilitate the tramsfer of cargo. The Temas of the old flotilln and other vestiges of that prosperous time may still be seen, though the only ateamer of that period which now survives and is in use is the (ormmmissioner gind’s "Jhelum and ity sttendont flat the “ Maltan.” After Kotri was directly connected with Sokkur by a ine on the right bank of the Tndus jt smk into comparative insignificance. The population i 1872 was 7,040, of whom S04 were Christians; in 1901 the population was only 7,617 with 250 Christians, while mm 1911 it was 7,256 with 45 Christians, Kotri was at tues exposed to sETIOtE soy from flooda in the Baran river, which falls inte [wins four niles sowth of it Deep drama were cut pee ‘of the town anil ¢ 1 ambankmente tated to the west-of + with good results. In August 1014 owing to the pheno- monal height Gf the river the town was all a eabelerer Drainage and sanitation appears also to ‘te improved the health of the town. Kotri Allakraktiic Shah (24° 24" north latitude. G7" 62° east to ae is the head- Fotrt Allakrakbie thad. quarter atatinn of Talika and Se Oe ae r. Tt is a villago of no hnportancs, but conveniently sitnated for odnanstr tive purposes. It containa the Makhtyarkar's Office, 1 td EARACEY DISTRICT. _ Police Station, Post Office nnd musafirkiana, The nearest _ railway: station is Jungshahi on the North-Western Railway, $7 milea distant. At a distence of nbout four miles ts sitiated fle village of Uderolal, which contains a ahrme built-by ave‘Seth Manghamal m honour of Uderolal’s passing ome time there wliile achieving a victory over an oppres sive ruler of Totta, An annual fair takes place on the Cl oti- thand ond is attended by about 400 persons. caxtine en 19° north latitude, 08° 7" east longitude) hav teen the ‘headquarter station | of Shahbandar Talnka since December 1892 and 1 has a population of 616, It contains 4 Mulh- tyarkar’s Office, District Bungalow, Police Station, Dispe sary, masafirkhena, Vernacular School and Post Office, The nearest railway station i Jingshalii tm the North: Western Railway, 42 miles distant, the pte ee of neighbourhood bri all the milk in their hevriew and mix it with the lime for white-wauhing. On the fifth day from the commencement comes the par ceremony which consists of removing ull the par (the coverings of the tombs), washing them in the Gungro, drying them ond ting them on agam. The average number al per attending the fnir is. about 10,000 and goods af all sorte are sold a the estimated valite of Ra. 20,000, No sale'of ania ls takes place, as is customary at other largo fates, Ato (distance of 3 miles north-east from Maghulbhim are the remutins of what aia eg to have: been o fort, called Nundkat, “the fort of Nand rich. Buried treamte i supposed by the inlabrtants to exiat lieve. Pir Patho & @ Ateareid-speals which, adoortling bo Capitan pany Wood (S41), was econl only in iota sanctity to the dhrine of Lil Shuhhue x 1iS—Ii : nd.” Nand. Raja i believed to hare flowrialieal before Lies Kalhoras nut to have hres very Low KANACHT DieTRict, ‘1 Selowau, The situation is a cliff separated from thie southern extremity of the Makli hilla by tho chennel of the Baghar and lying about 125 miles south of Tattu. The rou of a great mosque tdgah and mnar afford evidence of the fornier existence of a large town at the base of the hill; but the object of veneration is the comspiouops white tomb, crownmg » height and visible from afar, of a holy man whom Mussalmans call Pir Patho al Hrulus call Raja Gopichand, He im said to have been born in A, EH 500 ant to have been a cotitemporary of the Persian poot Saad, which may be true of the Pr. The Hindu, whose shrine le warped, probably lived many centuries before, In the fime of the Talpure atores of grain and g/t were kept at the slirme and pilgrims were fed out the expense of the local yovornir. dinee those days the celebrity of the place has iineh declined, but hundreds of Kachhis still fock to the ays! fir held there from the 11th to the 14th of the Maho median month Rabi-al-ofal, There is -& Public Works Inspection Bungalow and also a muesefirkhane. Riani-ki-kot @ the note of the _ a 7 FF # miles | from the town ol Bunn. lt 13 thus —— described. by Captain Del-Hoste, of the Bombay Anny, whe m 1889 wus Assistant (uarter-Master General of the northern division of the urmy >“ Rant-ka- kobawas built hy Mir Karam Ali Talpur amd lin brother Mir Murad Ali, about.A. D, 1812, cost 12,00,000 rupeus and hn never heen inhabited, im consequence of there hemy a se of water inand newrit. That so large a fort should have been coustructed without its having been aertumed beforehand that an article so indispensalily requisite, not only for the use of man, bit even for ithe construction of the walls, was wanting, seen nrvost extraordinary, but T am told that this was the reas for ita havmg been abandoned. A rapid stream inthe rayne Tus past it and joms the Indu, ancl, by a deviation trom: ite course, ris af the walls of this fort have buen destroyed. ‘The object of its canstruction seems to have been to afford a place of refuge to the: Mirs in cxse of their coontry being invaded.” At present the Bann river, or-as it ie there called the Rani Nai, rns Hiough the fort, and it is stated that there i# now no scarcity df water what- ever. | i Harhi (Meri), an ancient town in the Jatt Toluka, somo “ry 16 miles north-east of Mughulliin, was a flourishing centre of trade 100 years peek ago. ‘Tho tradition of tis fact ia kept up in pilirase still current, “Are you a Shahulkar of Karki | "is & question asked ironically of a man who ls throwing lis money about. All that i left of Rarhi is a few domed tombs (the largest * bemg that of Khoja saint, Nur Shali) and the marks of the foundations of & considerable villoge iy the midst of a bare desert. Dr. Burnes, in his “ Visit to the Court of Seine,” about 1828, numtions tlhe ene of the village aa having declined to 500 of less, The doclime was evilently due bo the main channeli of irrigation in thot direction having Shahbandur isn village im tho Shohlwutor Tulaku. ft a im the Indus Delta and was formerly — on the east benk of the channel, which discharged ite waters into tho sea by the Mal mouth . At fit is 10 miles distant from the mearest point af the ndus. It is anid to have heen fouled m 1750 A. De by Ghulow Shah Kolhora, who ondered all the reskdenta of Aurangn to move to it. The Rnglwh factory at Aurangs Bandur wos ineinded m this tronsfer, anil it is rererded that, previous to thi dissolition of the tnctory in 1775, it supplied 4 considerable establishment for the navigation of the river, consisting of 14 small vessels, cach of abunt 40 tons burthen. The ruler of Sind hind w fleet of 15 ships stationed at Shiah- landar.. 1¢ would seem that the earthquake of 1819 caweed urent alterations In the lower part of the Indus amd brought about the decay of the town by withdrawing the current from the bra maf li on which it atocl. So it dwindled away. qnto obscurity and has.no trade tor mianulacture af any kind whatever. It is-n colony of Cutchi Bhatia, a few of whor still trade with Muscat and. other parts, domg them business at Kerachi or Keti Bandar, but keeping thetr homes anil milies ot Shahbendar, it was formerly the ae town of the taluka, but theer were removed t& Laciua in 1 BOD. Sirgands, or Sunde Bundar, so called from the pett Sic village of Sundo, four miles sen ane Moghulblim, gete ony importance it is - 1GR KABACHT DIRTHIGT, has fran ling the furthest: point to which boats have been ablé to agwend tie Sir creek Hinee the Pinvari river silted 1p or the Mire dammed it, i that account of the matter he trie, fi ik in fet the grain port of Moghulbhin and the dati Tolikn. Et i nof mentioned by any of the officers who aurveyed the Delta bhelore the British neoupation of Simi, but ite toads ia molided in the earliest extant reports ot the Collector of Custotns at Karachi, aid it continmes to. the present day to carry on a oomiderble trafic with Karachi, and the coast ports. ‘The value of the imports and exports darmg the last five years is shown below :— Tinporte, 1 hk | Tat —— | rue | . | : _ S| Ohba Deeb = i ! - = i i al Ms. : Fatae | 1aTao0 | Lt0,TK | adapt | Shiam | sc6am | merit i” | Exports, = itr te | erty | dniaas, | inidda, | d0ladG, ie a a bad — i A eM —— fia, He. on ATE aie ie Trsecury -a| = = Hider _,) 8,10 | 00, be)! fla, ke | Te aed) | \oatky | es disad aida | «peu? | aadao The hoparts consist af manufactured unl riaoathaneriien 5 entimmellitie, the exports mainly af rice, muyel of which yroes SI ta Cutel. | - The duty collected on thia during the last five your & ahown below — Tes wisi. | HAAN. Ww). 107 1. 23744 mo, 4h 18 4 YT ee) There is comidermble passenger troffio also when labour from Cuteh como m to reap the rice horvest and return Paik hema ulter it: There ie n substantial Custom House, od by the. warehonses: of the merchants, There Pee | havaiti 5 lately about the oreck having | ; 3 3 =! Sito rai soekert eaten sees ouly the smallest oraft conld to the Custom House, This was partly due to the fmiolaice of He beatmen themselves, who preferred to heave aah ballast into the stream rather than tal the trouble ta pit it saheme shut more-perhape:-to the ont down of jungle whieh hid seted a4 » screen against hci An-witempt was ‘yc With some success aome years to peour the o by ope Cpe the sluices of the 7OAgro canal wt the ebb of the tide. Snjawal (26° 30" pi latitude, 68° 7° east Salant a the headquarters of Sujawal ‘uke t contains population of 1,003. Here the Asatstant Collector has » residence, and here are sitimatedl a ~ Mukhty wrkar's Office, Teesidunt Magistrate's (ont Hoste, Veterinary: VN Wwnear Ofhee and | Vernacular School, It m4 mules eget of Ht Said ae forry , which) conmects 1) with the ofher anle of the river, nnd 4 Ke tiles distant from the neartat rnuilway station, Jung- BPLIL a ‘Tatin, or Nongar 1 ‘atta (24° 40° north fanitude; el a7” 6’ east longitude), the headl- 7 yuurters of the ‘Tatts Tila a ia HO mildew cast-off Karachi and 13 miles idiwtant from the Junoshahi Station of the North-Western [tnitway with which. 1 ta eeri- netted by n metulled road, ‘Two milee trom ‘Tatta. where the rood crosses the Maki bil, there are a Travellers’ Bungalow and a Distrot Bungalow, The date af the foundetion of Tatta is unknown, but i. i oortam that a town hus: mxisted on the site -for many ocnturies. An long an the Mokli lille stom! at the apex of ihe Del thint PENN Pe coamed, 140 Years ago by the niting up of thech whithtatow tho Kalri cina}— ile situation woe so obviously snited to a commercial tawn that it never could have ea long moccapied | hut Doth the mite wid the mare a the town hve probably’ charged many bnws, od sach changes con weldom. by trom wath exactness becuase the new rokine dows not. at one teplany the . wld. For matanes, (ion is spoken of aw the capitn ‘ot fore Judia, bot. the town which teroferted tet some files foun thecriger! Goa and its proper nome t Panjim, or Nove — = i t=". - oo ior, . 110 KARACHI DISTRICT. Goa. .Eatly writers supposed Tatta to have been Alex- ander's Patala, but that seems to be out of the question. Tt has also bean identified with Debal, the great Hindu town which was first attacked by the Arabs under Muhammad Kasim, a theory discredited by Major-General Haig, but ypported in. a measure by Mr. H, Cousens, on account of the evidence of the ancient existence of a great Hindu temple on the Mukti hill, the materials of which have been employed in the older Muasalman tombs. The Sama kings, who came ito power in the middle of the 14th century, called their capital Samui, but it was only three miles of the present site of Tatta, to which the population may have transferred itself gradually until the Jam Nizam-ud-din, by some official comition of thea new settlement, gained the credit of having founded the city of Tatta about the end of the 16th century (see History, Volume A, page 100). The city bas moved a good deal in much more recent times, creeping after the retreating tiver by a proceas of growth on the east and decay on the west. 1) has also been seeked or burned three times—tiret by Shah ae ghun in 1621, then by a Portuguese force in 1556, and lastly by its own ruler, Murea Jani Beg, when he was resisting Akbar’s forces in 159). Nevartheless it continued to be the capital of south Sind nti! the building of Hyderabad in 1768 and rose to great splendemt. Captam Alexander Hamilton, who saw it in 1000, thus writes of it: "Tatta is the emporium of the Province, a very lurge and sich city. It m tree miles long and one and a half broad, and ts aboot 40 miles from Larrvbunder (Lohori) and has a large citadel at ite west end capable to lodge 60,000 men and horse, and hos barracks and stables convenient for them and with a palace built in it for the Nebo " "'Tatta stande about two miles from the river Indus, in a. spacious plain, and they have canals out from the river to bring water to the city, and some for the une of their gardens.. The King’s gardena werr in pretty condition in Anno Domini 1009 andl were well storod with excellent fruity and flawers, partion- larly the mast delicions pr tes that ever I tasted.” he oe : "The a of Tatta i oe fur Scio theology, philosephy and potitics, and they have 460 college fiw, trials up youths in those parts of learning.” Tatta hod at one time n Inerative trade with the Porwagnese, and PLACES OF INTERRGT, itt from the followmg passage stitsennn Cie, east Taian casariee must have got-a eaten thor: and lost it:—* The Portuguese “had former: a Church at the east end of the city. The house still entire und in the vestry are some old pictures of saints and some holy vestmenta, which they desired to sell; but Twas no merchant for soch burgame.” There had) been a drought for the previous three years, which “cansed a severe plague to affect the town. ical ci yt be counbry to such a degree that, m the ait 80,000 died of it, that mumfactured cotton and ai above one-half of the city wna deserted and left pada This was the time when Surst and all (injarat suffered so severely from the plague. After the rise of the Kalhoras the deeay of Tatta was very rapid. Henry Pottinger, who passed through it in 1509, writen: “ We rode a long way alter we got pe rums, before we came to the habitable part, of the cit In 183) Alexunder Binrnes described it thna: “It does sn contam a population of 15,000 semis, and of the honses seat- * tered about ite rome oapanalt are destitute of inhabitunta. Of the weavers of * loony "for which this piace wae so famous, 125 fnmilies 9 y remain. There are not fort: item the city.” “Byen the heaps of rums whic thon writetw mention have largely disappeared since by the potion of wind and Water, or the overgrowth of vegetation: The Tatta of te lay 3 ia o town of 11,161 mhabitants, with natrow streets, hut not very dirty as towns goin Sind. The liouses are two and three storeys high, but all of wattle and nittd plaster, Stone has never heen tsed in domestic architee- ture in this town, The public buildings are the Steele Hall, rhage ohbe Office, Police Station, Dispensary, Post anv clegraph Ollie, Reading Roem and Library, A Vernactla: School and mussfekhana,. The factory 0 of the } Indian Company, which hed a trading station here from 1758 till 1775, was used at the time of the conquest and long after nasa travellers’ lnmgalow, of officers’ quarters, but it fell into ruts and wae averbuilt nearly forty years ago. A lange on the opporite side of the street, which i said to huve part of th e Compiny # premises, hae an ld and mitssive worden gate ind an entrance of rough stone pavement, A curioye monirin! of early Englinh enterprise in this quarter Ve KARACHI DISTRICT. of the world © the grave of Edward Coole, whieh lies 160 yards from the Distriot Bungalow. [t bers the follow- ing inacription m deep relief on a élab of yellow stone — Here lyes the manes of Edward Cooke, Who was taken out of were world tt the Flower af his Age, a person 2 ee tort and much lamented by his Ae fsa learned in Tmny limguinges, of great humanity, a sound jrdg- ~~ ment and generous disposition, who departed tliia life on tho Sth of May 1743, Actutia , sua 21. As bleoming lillies grace the field, Bo for a day thoy ehn Like him to God, ao 0 they yiekl | . Their selves, but not their name resign, : { ‘To whose memory his servants erected this | tamb. - Nothing is known of Edward Cooke, who preceded the Ejst Indie Company by filteen years. There are graves. | Wf neat his anil also some in the town, whith are said to lie -) thowe of Europeans, hut they rdath: beur uo saprrsk emae ce > nothing i@ known about them. Tutta is distinguished — among the towns.of Sind for ite unbealtlinies, The juve lands all round are sibmerged during the frunilis eke alter whith tmulsria rages in the town. Early trmvellers were appearance of tlhe inksbitants and the strick with the éickly British troopa encamped on the Makli hill in L880 4 leveon which. was long remembered. The 28nd Reginent lone had 1,576 coves in hospital betwoen Atngist anid, Simuary’. There are still 1 good many Banias in Tatta, stigaged in trade, atl its ancient industry, the manufacture of ail fungts, 18 Curried on still_npon a small scale The h ia! section of the community by iw the Saivids, who huve settled here for centuries. The historia of Sind, Ali Sher Kani, the author af the “ Tuibfmtul- Kiram,” wit a citizen of Tatta and lived in the middle of ss the 18th century, The only monuments which survive of | ‘Os firmer glory of Tatta ure the tombs on the Malti hills anil the Jama a Majid and ) jid in the town. The will be conveniently described with the former, as ty the same time and style, PLACES OF INTEREST. 113 The Malti hills ore geologically u vary interesting oub- wouks en ks Roe. TCR? int, alluvial plain, of the Hulls, ~ ‘groat bed of tertiary rocks whieli have been diatmguished aa the Rantkot Group (sea Geology, Volume A, Chapter I), consisting of nom- miilitic limestone. The range, which starts from Pir Patho, runs north for about 11 miles, ending due west of Tattw and scarcely a milo distant from it. Seen from the wost it acarcely seemia to deserve the name of a hill, but from Tatta ite aspect is more abrupt. The actual height ia from 80 to 150 feet above sea level. The top is a plateau studded with 3 idling “* cactua™ so-called (#uphorbia nereifulte ok with pebbles and nodular lamps of hard, yellow limestone, which are sometimes quite speckled with little nummulites, These get detaclied and lie on the ground in «uch quantities that i haa: become a trade to collect, drill an string them for sale to pilgrims on the way to Hingla) in Balochistan, They sre called thumra, But more ioe ts fur than ite geologioal features is the great necropolis which occupies the northern half of the Maki hill, The population of this city of the dead has boon estimated, at one million. 1t is impossible to say when the Maki hill first began to be a cemetery. [t- was svidently mvestod from a very early time with mn vagne ancredness, which aooumiilated ne one Sajyid alter another founda resting place in it. “The Samoa Jane had ther capital, Sami, just below thie north end of the hill and, avcordimg to one popular tradi- tion, Jam Tamachi and the fisherman's dyughter whum he made hie queen are fail in two old tombs at that end of it; — With Jam Nindo, or Nizam-nad-din, we cometohistory, There - is no doubt abont the identity of this tomb, built in 1908 diatinctly Hindu im their character. The Superintendent of the Archmological Survey is of opinion that a large part of the material of this tom! kag been taken from some old and magnificent Hindu temple, and there is a tradition that auch a temple existed. The Arghuns, whoexpelied Jam. Nindo’s aon, lived at Suki and were interred at Meoos, but under the ‘Tarkliana, who followed them, Tatta agam became the capital of lower Sind, and then an era of architectural magnificence setin, The mausoleum of Mirza Isa, the first Tarkhan roler, is built entirely of stane, but in that of his son, Muhammad ae isis 1ll4 KARACHI DISTRICT, Baki, and all the subsequent tombs of any distinction, the principal materials are glazed bricks or encaustic tiles. Of this work Mr. H. Consens, Supermtendent, Archmologival Survey, Bombay,-aays: “The buildings of the latter class lhe almost entirely built of brick masonry, the briek-ywork beg very superior, being made of the best pottery at fectly formed, dense and having clean, sharp-out edg ie sare vnglazed, Serie dark red, while others have witer surfycea enamelled m dark and light bine. mud white. The jomts between them are excecndingly fine, butan imita- tira joint in formed on one: side of each brick hy a § inch strip along its eee bemg sunk and enamelled white, Moat of the brick baillings have been built of these bricks with the various coloured faves so disposed as_to form patterns, every brick being burnt for its own position. en usc i He inner lining of domes they_ have been -worked in nigray patterns, in ridiwting divisions and flutings from apex to springiny Tine, and Jook remarkably well a quaint. But the finest features in these buildings is heuntiful glazed tile-work in the shape af panels and dautos. The lovely soft blending of the colours hue run slightly in the firing, thus blurring the edges of tho pattern, and the result of this accident is togive the work a softness anil waxy, translucent look which is ita chief charm, To my thinking the effect i# superior to that of European tiles with their harder and sharper cutlives. A single pattern will often mn over weveral square varde of surface, each tile consequent being different from ita neighbour, instead of a single al sttern from tile to tile. The pigmenté chiefly used are ee, viz, a rich dark blue, a pearitie or light green Ne, white, The rata very tratparent poo | 1B pe ire t depth rivhiness. Now anil at Tatta is fn Poona a yoline,. but very rarely in the old work. {hs place ten by bh geil tile or stone, being the colour right through, and whieh, being a softer and fabdued tint, harmonizes better with ite jeanne Fe Ee eieset Vico Wed iave been taken to keep the tombe in repa andl all th howe detait below, and ales the Jama PLACES OF INTEREST. 118 Lomb of Mirea Joni Beg and Mirea Ghasi Beg. — Ja #¢ wns the last independent Tarkan ruler of Tatta. aiated manfully, but nustrecessfitlly, the general whom the Rangperoe Aba cont to take possession of Sind his wubtnission afterwards, he was reinstated as governor f Tatta. He died in 1509. His son Ghazi Beg suocee him in his office and was alvo appointed governor, of ‘lis province of Kandahar, He was murdered im 1611-12 A. D. and the remains of both father and son were interred in this tomb in 1613. Tt stands in a courtyard, on na high plinth, and is itself octagonal, with a domed 1 Hinth. is of stone, but the sup tture ia of glazed ble beste, fs: tone img with ungluzed brown ones, This striped pattern W# quaint and ovours nowhere else. The stone-week exhibits some beautiful carving and in tions, There ate three tombs inside—two of marble and one af stone. This is the firet of the imposing edifices which crown the slope neir to the district bungalow, 8. Tomb of Naiwwah Mirea Isa Torkhan.—This noble- min, who must not be confounded with his ‘namesake the first Tarkhan ruler of Tatta, was appomted governor Bei tii the Emperor Jehangir in 1627 A.D. and build | iia tomb, ik! Ba iid, in the aame year. Th pished in 14. He had heen deputed in in the meantime on military service to Karnal, whence he is said to have sent the atemo for the tomb ; bite necording to another acoonnt it came from Junagad. The tmanscleum- aa a whole is the: most imposing one on the hill Tt stands m the middie of an ample courtyard and is itself 70 feet pear In the tre is th ta containing wish ries ficagh ie ful ight of the ung Yo he dome. This i» eae all four aides by pillared The whole ie built of biut- ely and exquisitely carved. The a iter iy covered with carving, which consists lange al fet fm the Rann Aru Pr characters. Their ends a aave for the names and dates. mmecribed on them, tse, with on enclose of their own, ate the | Doak le oe spur al = mt imiahable, as top, tut os te seulptured as shows of the men, ‘The dome is. quite plain 110 BRABACHL DISTRICT, on the outskle and white, This tomb stands north of the one last described. Y'o the east of thia tomb and in front of it ts an enclo- autre in the same atyle, with a tmgnifivently curved muihrab, which is said to contain the remains of the zenana of Nawab Ian Khan; tot one of the graves in it beara the into 004 G.¢., 1567 A. D.), which would be about 90-years before the death of the Nawab.. The histery of thia enclo- gute is mncertain. 3, Tomh of Mirza Tughrul Beg—Tlis ia between the last two, Not much is known of Tughral Beg, except that Kalan Kot at one time had the name of Toglirnlabad, from which we may conjevtare that he wad a cofpmander of some reputation. His tomb is in rather a ruined condition, but 4. Tomb of Diwan Shrufa Khan.—This offers a contrast to the last two whitedlomed tombs, for 4 donie is faced on the outside with the finest red bricks, varied with Ines of blue-green enamel. Probably the whole was orginally enanwlied. The whole of the structure is of the same work, except the foundation and plinth, 11 stands on n platform ina jarge courtyard, The Diwan, who wie an Arghitn, held the post of minister to one of the governors of Tatta appomted from Delhi. His tonib is said 0 have been built m 1638 A. D., during his lifetime, 5. Tomb of Nawah Amir Khalil Khan —This is said to have been bnilt at some time between 1472 and 1585 A. D. The Amir, of whom little ee is known, had such « tender conscience: that he left directions tut his body should not be buried inside the mausoleum, which was reserved for seven holy men. ‘Their sanctity has unfortunately not unique inscription im white Arabic letters upon s broad band. of large, deep blue tiles. Time hus dealt more gently with the humble tomt: of sculptured stone in the courtyard in which the body of the Anur is laid. | cen 6 Domb of Mirza Isa Torkhan.—This Mirza waa the _ first Tatkhau ruler of lower Sind and hia tomb is said to have PLACES OF INTEREST. 7 been built im 1678 A.D. Tt stands, with several smaller 6 ima large equare courtrird, within which there are fwo mimor courtyards, All are of stone, sculptured, insurihed am] in some places perforated. % Lomb of Jam Nizam-ud-lin.—Thim in the oldest df the tombs on the hill which have any clear historical interest, having been built in 1508 A.D. Jam Nizam-ud-din wan the Inst but one of the Sama Jams und an aubuclithenes riiler, wilike the ass and Saiyids who aftery covered the hill with their menorials. His tomb is a. square bnildmg, without rool, built entirely of stone; the earving on which, i has already been said, affords strone grounds for mierring that the materials of come ruined Minda lonple ave been freely used, omitting, or obliterating, idolatroia emblems. Two contiguous stones in the wall are sometines of different breadths-ond contain dissimilar patterns, A staircase through the-side wall leads to narrow baleony and' portico decidedly Hindu in their character. Numeroya mmaier Intildings round about, in a more ot loss ruined condition, exhibit stil more distinct traces of Hindi origin. An adjacent tomb, evidently of more receit date, i decis tated internally with glazed tiles. _ 8, To the north of the lagt aut on the other side af a valley & the large anid conspicnous tomb of Saiyid Ali Shirazi, built of Trick, with a lorwe and two small thited domes, alf plastered and while-washed. There are eeriptions on geome of the tombe within the enchwnre, bit none on the Satyid's, Thit venerated man waa chosen to carry the offerings of the people of Tatia to the arppene Miiaynn at}Umaorket (see age 104), Hedielin A. D. 1572 and his tomb is said to lave been built by disciple of the Jokhia tribe. Joma Masjid.—This tealy magnificent mosqun, . which xeon is still In use, Ie in the town of a Patta. Te was, nocording to the loou) histories, a pft from the Emperor Shah Johan inrecogniti of the hospitality of the town, in which he sought refuge far some time when m rebellion agamst hia father. If was begun in. 1644 and fintshed mm tWH47, but tho floor was not laid till eleven years after. It is eaid to have cost 0 lakhs of rupees. If ia built m the form of # caravanserai, a great t enclosed by a corridor of ninety domed compartments, ss wy is quite plain and white-washed, but foe the whole edifice was in terrible 118 RARACH DISTHICT, exclusive al the masjid proper in the muddle of one side and its counterpart opposite. It measures 315 by 190 fect and covers 6,316 aquare yards of ground. The exterior | whole interior, from the ground level to the centre of the highest dome, is covered with the most amaxing variety of beautiful patterns worked out in coloured tiles. Many of the small domes along sides tire not ay covered now, but Ris daatepeee were orginal Sir Bartle Frere m 1855, it waa save yy subscriptic Government contriluting Ra. 5,000. “Tn 1944 ete | aun of Rs, 20,500 waa rated by the same means aml apent in airing the denuded faces of the walls with tiles made in iota aud Multan. These do nit harmonize well with the ald, but happily it was the dado chiefly that needed repair, where the patterns are comparatively simple. Higher up the designs are not printed om square or hexagonal tiles, as they are in the tombs on the ! akli Lill, but worked out in mosaic with miiute tiles of different ‘colours and siLapes " Dalgit Mas jul. —This was probably m the heart of the town once, Iut es quite outside of it now. If 13 u hopeless rain, the dome having fallen in and much of the facmg of enanielled tiles wholly umepbesred, but what remaing ia ao beautiful that measures have been taken to preserve it a8 fur as powsible from further destruction. the mihrel is 46 exquisitely amtlptared that it is difficult for the visitor te realize (hat le isnot Iooking at carved sandalwood but oat steme.. Yet the building is more thin 300 years old, having been built by Arr Kiimeliro Khun, who pot mto trotihle by hisGhwulling of public moneys when he was werner of Tatts under Mirza Jeu Tarklon. (See History, shime A, page 106.) Bamui, tho capital ef the Sama Jams helore they “ear, ‘moved to Tatta, lies three miles . north-west of the letter, on. high yround. Of it the report uf ithe archindlog “a | says that “it i now repr | sind PLACES. OF INTEREST. 119 ho sectp Ne moaqne upon n low knoll upon one side of the vi ‘Kalan Kot, which is nndoubtedly a perversion of Kalion Kalan Kul Kot, te. the Fort of Welfare, live ’ jan Kot. wbout thre miles south of the Travellers’ Bungalow on the Mukli hills. Th was used ; by the Musealmans, for to it the lat of the Tatta Jane oan whi preesed by Akbur’s wrmy, aml no doubt it ired or renewed by them and they re-tliristened it Y Tugealabad but, its origin appears to go mich further look. Aa Burton | wit xHted out, both the wards Healien Kot are Bansltrit and the towers are all within pitted oe of each other, indicating that it was planned before: firearnu were inoue. The local tradition which sssociates it with AMexander Pi ir pomts ol. resemblunce to Kafir Killa, oF Alexander's Fort, near Sehwan, The mussive hrble-erel fof both im & connizy where stone was so handy ia curious, aul in Kalian Kot large bricks of the kind which characterize Buddhist. remams wre reported to have been dug up. The ruins now imilicate 4 lurge and very strong fortress! on a rock, which ix, or at least was, surrounded om three sides liye water and cut through on the fourth side by a very dep moat with perpendicular sides, The whole was H Segrd _ by massive towers of proat, height, which are now only huge: moondé, and a cirtam connecting them, The ruins of 4 large building, apparently « mesque, wre still standing and “a show, by some ornamentation of enamelled tiles, that it wie cotuparatively recent, Near it is 4 great reservoir for water. in the building was found, seventy years ag, a oie al charred gram, which seetued to indionte: that ¢ plave had been destroyed by fire, ‘Thimo Bula Khan (25" a at rs oe Ga erst jongimule) i t wadqnarter een ae station of Kohiston Mahal eer a Be lation, af 10 It contams a Maholkaris Office, gece Police Station, Vernacular School, Poat Office Khana. The nearest station ie Metmg, at a setae oF of 24 miles. (ood embroidery work is deme nnd fine.woollen pada for camels are-made. Thos place is said to have been o camp of Bula Khan Naumardi when he withstood an 7 ioree of Jokhime m the days of Nur Muhammad Kalhora en oT A _| Saaesz coeaz | 2 pails cotaaa KARACHI DisTHicT. r i} a “= : a = —_ Fo lO ee | Ts = ) a lee iy ; - & - = 7 4 f 7 | | anesassacese°s P| . a | be sie 7 f-f-$ ole Bale ' ore-saaeaeanea e : r | 7 a re | seus" SReSARSH ’ | = - aes: = e | a5 "| —— i en“ a =f crREESTaSEROTA - | 2 Zz : . Taga gseec toate P la lel 4 s"2.2.2-.- eognateencsann | z | “i)_ 2 ozo oso =e | ot the BST PER AT Beet : aes i *, 12¢2“ashe eee i >} a’... " | oa 19 wt meee ‘ea = -9 ‘3 SISSSESURRRN SS : gE = sesessccsse—se . . = | a) a 2... wn xu*sa* ~ i "I a = “seesemesews ae : | r elles tes a a B \"| gee e : “‘Sorenl | Seren” | TAULE I, il. Fal... Months (nt Karol), ‘Twliine atid Mahala. Shak as Bi Ae | be | Atnuranzas°us alee be a oa et | an--22--nHenen | Sasmasrne~ ance Scan seca Stanseeness3as a SRESGEADRASASt | Sones 408-8 492" 25 ncac!t2 et et ttt tt te ee | “Qypereiuersuer PSSSUNGSS=SS=5 | Pebutnaetcessa Sv fined cs2eq, So-Hisesset ese eae) Det see os th 3 Serer eee verve | preherceeteBeREreses sogenegquganeesnnats | =z 1 om ie Mec, nove | 'higy | Seek | yaee ‘tom Deal ARACHE DISTRICT. k ie “WT6t ao sameap) KOLLVONE, ax¥ > “A UTE al y - — 3 — - ' i! bas ¥ = = =— | a ee ee oy) ee ae a | Ls) fea fh . r J se a e J se ' e 1 L - =. kd “| ‘ - . 7 . 7 | - r 7 ‘ | me | new Gt ET | ab ~ = ae = “(TTS1 40. miaA)) HIV ]y Wo ety, “aIavD LA’ WTAVL, a” =. ' @ | :* h | 4 i i 1 at 4 a ' | -_ : : ser or i hi TABLE VII. “Gagea 2 a Fa © EF 3g arn SS ee Ge tt ae Be EET: main * zee i ae ¥ Duermmerton of Las asp Coors. relifittie phen jee which etetietke gre yvadl “uh TABLE VII, - Dowesrio Aniwale adn AOMLOUL TULA Some. . “*PANGE EX. ._ «qa # a a eee He Sy Se ee eT ae 7 5 gage se aS Ss , PRESS Hig ci aa Sela — Tha Komitee fet * Fobel (Geja) camel,” eich wee tor the reeert pour fn tee 1 The Wopsees aes ine a * other cmaais of Fobet dated” ont of : "> oe 4 : TAL xX 1h ; L Ez E ; by mi a. - +p ) 1 + a Z . mo iF = i. | : er tabs) i, A - | a j KAH TABLE XL Takavi Anvances axp Conimorions. =a Ow Aaced Teeprierest Fase Act, 1 Te bee ee ee oe Ph F rm SP See Latha’. | Base S £9 fom) mim me | ae | aa | i | Mate —Reyarale Sieates tor the twa ote have pen Tine Kanacen). TABLE XI. Paes iN sens (80 FoLAs) ree mittee: awn Waome (at = = TABLES KI—) at g : r : | 3 . tEAE ee - oe | Se . __aet i= ae 7) |) & ps j ee Bites [ Siwudey Mai Te Duetniecr. { y EE — ee ————— —_ = —_—= xi 5 = ——$— * b. St Tae t =| a = {ia | i J Paes ie Ee] ea ce L - — 2 ‘ = nia. .) @ | 8 |) a we Loe | tal a | ite | aM SPCR Vl a= , eS eS : “peek mmmans yy oy aa aye ory 7y TreL ny Ped peemeTD gl ang URIS OLugl W Bre — 1 Pi eo ee At | parents. | west tiries’|« >) sierra | | Ones eer | sere 1 oh iv r ann | TL | cuenta Rae ) caer fet wee. " tus? | KARACH! DIFTrRict. ia ¢ | . ls ] ———z—z—_ <_< ———— EE = nv | «| | = | “7 a SRS Ey nag) akyy at UE . : “weet: Sr es a , © a ae ee | vant | a z al Z d | | ——— Bn”. 44) “WHIIks ATAVL . : ave apes ae ees pe) ee ee r ; | -. ; YABLES XX11-\—N1-M. TABLE XXII-8, Ne — la } = eo ir i | oe 1-4 om | - ; a" 5 a Lis Ma a aa dai cai ada jects aby L.. OT a a nani Hoag hg Py ey Vl Tish law | were |awe leve | re | rar E retin | wiaivt peu if me | tomes |! ame = | nee nett saree etaarE—y erm Ir ie arerey ope GO Lm ED . ere [asi |S, (eh | Se + | | es a eh yer | a take. ——— ks ee & Bop Bs fat Seat) Sto ee Hare Sars, Sree! dh his ee Sip a] @ | wean eat yestm| ¥ esse], tt tonto aa a = wn it KARACHI DIBMRICT. + us . “peepee | donee vont | peg ee ua || liam | ae le, |e eae | aa | | Senta av iy ;whOEat sles | ain Batam ik huey | eho | Wise in| = || uw w Hi ; a ral aii | L “a iri Teri ae ts as mw vers cris oe ent | eMrit awit re 7 RM mer ween | | eral a an TF an ¥ Ch ed ae | eo Se ee} | Bases | Bate: | Ww “ry Pte | eg | ora | eel] en ' ‘ . *-| ~ ast Baeciaat tS V— EXVI-E. “A, [4 = a ee —_ a aa od —— 3 (he, - Lean Fh ate Ma uta fy | if “2 a = = a 3 * att ay aT ———— OE a] S nomi’ WARM, bai TY, reer a . ay img | SSE SS a ry | lf gi sandeceEneTUEOUNUENTE i LASHIFIOATION ar 1¥ " : : Ge 3 . | een || 3| — | 4 | ae || M48 RARACH Dlereivy, | | St ee Se UC LL a — ——————— => = = a CS VLAN PAV a ha sae dob i | SS aS SS i ‘Ee a. chee hoe : LA ie ) 1enh16, ai ‘wi Horta. tore. | Lote. | | | | ee | lanes) jomnew Lenaan | Tirana | Bate | | je eee) | ee ihe ee | Fes a iene be ee : : ke ule shic4 thd] Kan re : = ed Veal eo i = oe . :* : , ) 1] ew lh.) at eee eee Ls coor ——— —y Ee ———. = a 2 7 .. mir hod a PARLE XXVIDBL Kevesve oom Rarerecrone of Kacw Loos Hoan. - res, = — =—_— i, ; i Ta) bade Voom inl iat, ' roids divresys | bab Ou : ible : | ae i — = Vay Mase i ola — "saa il “RHE ce KRARACHT DISTRICT, a fom | w | ei] e [a fos l | hall peter | wera | oor a antes | nuts ory cori cawes toarss eerie ere ee | more Naik are | ave 86 UE hooks tire ize | ed es ee ee 4 y sev) | Ovrot | eeeet | wewind | ake Th ee. sie of ero ere ete ena) HEU EE) Mee drut | coeur sshelid Sendsial | sanfeyicr | sersensy wx'tin : BILTLESS | EDUC! | Gowen EE | mieten | cea uolen | teow | atyiabyt eorieyt tees | wh wit ve | at onl +" | wl | “1 alg +" : | : EF | re | wisben ee | SALLY IE A 4 : ; Fr “1 ——_— a" ns A 7 = wl Ld att MALLE a vt as | ia oun | shanoan, 1, Dinas Ea ‘sce oleae Ti “008 | te Mojss | ao | = =| sol TM pT) Ti aly ii oh Sab : TL i 1m) Whew | RMA, | NSN, | a eer) #29 | goad ay 007 AAD ioe LaF Tl. be ves ho} (Re |]! ay ie | todo ! si hi hiee a i hea | ue | Lhass ie LS le) | Push sent “all i300 | KARACH! DI@TRICT. jwette *7g?T a25 Sg-* segrgenn =" .. | ‘ ) | | ; . . ) | |gesae Sraeite-fa°sh-ass s “lehaqn" Staachletanaesd* = "faa = Sayre ges Ss sera ge | co a ae geget ec 1 ceria i st mere red 1 if 2 gar-s “5 d 2 2 laid g-e2° 203: 1 KARACH DISTHICT. j EE _ | boat! paed-as casters Phe ier a os a . cy ee ea ote ry | _ wae ses aaa SSRERR 0 ie Ie. ee es St . SR5Sh , saEa eR aie SESEES aEH 2. Ra MaGARG.. SogeRE : ‘pins nk 28 : Hae ais PARLE XXIX-H, aide Nea bd Wed Say ewellae ©] sev) ara] ged pt | tkab) a wee) ties) tee ww hae on va a f= | id A. f ‘Saal ae s F rt wee) yee) = | = z sh) —§ } 22] ao Vetmmenilar, a PS r _ a ee i ' a __ ons y e ry -_ _—— . - = & i 188 Sot seagdien ae ju) cope. eae nage ser i> “B°*EE=25 , SST EES Sage" n7#g P oa, — Bageaa"A=agaae” 3°E* ee FaaPSE ae “aE, URES AgaNgE | SURAES ash PRERS HS a “a a =a ae : ee ae F i | Se eo to ee a Sar, na ee ine i ae ee ‘ i - Ye ’ +. Ui —Peremndape ef Prope tage nf waa mehonare bee trae pula ci oe 4 Tr me =e : Abe iia) 44 waven | laid ha? = tor eS | cs =m i 0 ae) =e) ae ‘he Sh Md dish) oa ba ag z a 5 = wi ee | wile ar Wabash it Pers wahedaas Bh fete population ill {a van rae 7 ae | a ah 100 KARACHD DISTRICT: | TADLE XXTX-C = | Koweariox : Porm. itis AND SCHOLARS THEREIN ' 116 ial 20) TEA t| i “Hata sess chasss3sssanenes «| Se EanshaRRRGRASS & i “a, . bag ss oh Vitan. Starters ron + 4 sHiles sail © ~— ow q : af a)-| es = = i? 4 2 be Pe aes sam | wots ai) 1,6h.aTh | : Ses 5 AS. OE Cee [Sry ste anta = a aoe =“ ; 7" rE a4 ae crs = = @ ares ssesen ——_—__— -* ' —— ' _ Hoseerata axy Disrioounies (1915) | : TABLE XXXL F wee dabey poh fete enemy (OO T— TL aR | say | wi | = | ate me | ees eee ta Rp | act biti ser ih wl “gaya every) me lin | as en ‘treme "wet (aE —21 eee teen heehee pa al peepy) fl ores lun 1 suit! il cargo eee! Fi I 7 - q 5 . = doo | of - , - a - he ir : a 7) _ YT, x 18a * anacny DIsTRICT. 3. re [=| S53 tee [a] ie ee 71) as a 2]. (eat Bae 22) 12) 4) 98 = 5 = Shan ee Gilt (=| ‘te LA = nhl by jeas] | Rar [ He = sat | | 3 | * | 7° Tithe s | I _ : ye BE v= | a . | GBB S85 S sce ee = ; je “as, Fae 38 | eee Gs s28 ; ~\ yay 283 =F = a: oF5 Sha | yorrmeibesy | Subd eae. ii | ‘ ere tap ‘his BE. Agriculture, } ‘wii = heen i stock, mata tale. ae Alexeidber's Jinwer, jslentifievation of Karachi with, 47: All eae ‘Khan, walid |Alesnd All Khas, 1 Ali Muthenisadl walnd thraium Fdien, it, Allati Hinata walail Jamal Khan, 10. reer iar nil ditmiedin, Huatlatbin! ‘iable, 120 Saherp embry Shag buses at bi Cabowd Banat tell Pisa icnteatiarst ) to 22. ipso eae and Crvil, 2h; fudioial i wore'®, Cj ernk al, 100 and eT 17) Seationies) tab, 154 D “tienen feeflic ju ike, bin ro Mali; 1, £ alivcwtion, 4 fey 65 be fr pape yr fatale ot [iitreradaes, [Sel 5 ocet beetle nad getolars, or te TE, ey ean ot eee Ring isa jena rt INDEX. Pairs, Verein 1 faciaotical tale, in. Fisherine, 26. Moule, 5. Forests : sdatheiles) lable, (00. Fruil. trees, 17, G il al Hotel, al & Chats ona a a Chzeri Bandar, (13, 57 and (thors bend ‘talks wiih Kel Taner al, 14, chon L. gee ‘Chutes Mf atsagutaaal walel Felice Hakhoh, Lit.’ Gram ciltivation, LiL f [tab tivo, 1) theeeriy uf, i Xe : Ti Ie a be Hak, Aa Hye Ay Pee ie (ut. Pir Bat ah | 172 - — se Tani et, 3h ™ Jat tribe, Intl revit ht agriculture of. 1. ” ‘te im, 4 Miliary Seuticlal Cvvenimiassaiees’a tor’, 1. i diittirn, Si) aad EF i chniletite) tole if, a Criminal Jievtice, La» ane) Opes) Te r thewy 37) ‘ Kaler K Kelechi Kya, fe toy Glid Koarantl, fa, Kalen Rot. 110. Kwacha : Meresis mY 20; Canton: Trent, 32. varieus art a ga bo 4H: D J. Sint! Ci al r une On . Libession - Chil foepiual ih aod ay; i lpi #8 ; Lady Dulierin, tenet ; ; 5, Veterinary ml aT; i ing feiniv thy cl i doe crowths, a aimal, 4: Captacs of, , an. ‘Tutperr, = in of KS Walleslew inta - mril oe. ef the a ith ii apie ad a acini Bo | Merewnlbar i eae rt eS _ Tower, i tai He ir a is ELE Fuze ae ai z i INDEX )) Water works, 67 en) 8; Gor. troment Ttouse, i; Parel Ceinchana: 7 i Hallway Inestdinte, TS | Wiehe” flores, ‘Th y—Mirthorlist Charck, Ti enn Catholig Chore, TFT and TH) Merkete, TH anil BO; Vietoris Mineowes, AU; Geren, BP; ta 62; Cemeteries, Mend 82; “Port, #3. to od Karnehl District —Jiadtion, ay Ihywcal Peel i; Hille, ry pry 3; ivera, hi Rowntn, fi vinale, O and @; aint. T) Populétion, © to $3, igicaliare, 13 to 14 thon ee Ti; comma Treds Karachi t thks egreit af, ‘t4. Karmati ro ceed a “al dap , Sh fart ManWwipalits, ul, GL; mipore mat ie Ehailte Chaltus, 2 and i. Khirttar range of Willa, 2. Ritu [hae Laden, IM. : . a Fiolilviss, Retr, fy Munictpalir ‘ fe a1) dow. cri ied af, OF K Alay; Rabie Shaky WS abd Kotri Wivision—ficnstitution ancl ari auliute ef, L4. L Latin, 4, La durs Pasider, fl ge) 5. Laki, Horteprings, 0}; range of rave Te a ecuitane ution of, statistical iz hash Ryvenate-—StAlseRsy tals (ae (abriscden, 104 aii “Shia, 8 ay teat eal Cape tol iad Fae ka tl fuse bhin—Tinal-quactos ol taluka, DHE aah 10, sagt Fick wre Cite Hise 1 vaniafpalltian, 7 io 31; atatleilral halides, 152 aed 15. Posies datributiim it, ataalatien! talsle, Pam tier, 8 00:12 comuun ilotalla, Bi Feportion it aaah Bi ena of comoenteatin i ; FEI aud a» Pricew eel wage, jahle. 132, i Rabe crope, 10 am rn ai iro teh tae, 159 ool & ~ Reiyide of Tattw wail Labi, rari fst 1 ae Senhuk 4 hye wide Vie Samus Jame, Lis. Behoal, Hott, Te pirle a preach, 4 : ‘i Grammar School, Karche whs Be Palrich's Schoul Keracht, 28; C. Mf f Steel, Haeneh Sar Se ‘Karachi, #h ajul 107 sa Khas an Santor Khaw wile i, Gounbel Dharel, o4. Stampa, otathetical balls, $4eL Sojawal, Fob, Rarjana rage vil bille 3 T - Yabsrl, adeanes anil collec! lotii—olath= tial tabs, 12% Tatta dirhdoo—eomatitattow anh agri riliaes of, 15 aml 14. . ‘Tuits heey at: Perens gest wren al, le are i ha tea he a en per eee turt Tomperature, tj atatieties| tahh, #24, Thane Bole Khan, vie. Towra po ti) mbabiotlonl tmtehe, Trade 3 cater iS; wath! halda, tet. y ae ei Le Shes Til-end fat | entivaien, 14, ~ 3 soLbat) FuENEED Ay FUE OUTERWWES) CORTESE FERED = = [os | *bhenr a eare |